| A | B |
|---|
| Renaissance | "Rebirth" of trade, art, and thinking. Two ideas that came from this time are humanism and individualism |
| Individualism | The awareness of one's self, and recognition of ability |
| Communes | Sworn associations of free men seeking to not be tied to any lord. Built by merchant guilds. |
| Oligarchy | Rule by a group of aristocrats. |
| Signori | Rule by a single despot |
| Italian city states | Small independant 'countries' within Italy. Main ones were Milan, Venice, Florence, the Papal States, and Naples. |
| Medici Family | Rich banking family in Flourence, held power because of their money. |
| Humanism | Humanism was the intrest in man and his greatness. Humanists read clasics to discover more about man instead of about god. |
| Pico della Mirandola | Wrote a humanist essay called "The dignity of man". He claimed that man had great dignity because god made adam in his own image. |
| Secularism | The idea that we should also enjoy this life as well as the after life. (Life's goal is not just to die and go to heaven or hell) |
| Valla | Wrote a book called _On Pleasure_ which defended that pleasures of the senses were the greatest good. He was a humanist, and discovered that the Donation of constantine was a fake, this document had given the Papacy much land |
| Donatello | Brought back statutes of balance and self-conscienceness |
| Castiglione | Wrote _The Courtier_ which was a guide to being the perfect gentleman. Said that the perfect renaisance gentleman needed to be well rounded in his education and physically noteable. |
| Machiavelli | Wrote a book called _The Prince_ which was about how to gain political power and keep it. Said that it was better to be feared and loved, but if you had to pick, you would rather be feared. |
| Gutenburg | Made moveable type |
| Machiavellian | You'll do whatever is within your capability to get what you want |
| Thomas More | Wrote _Utopia_, a story about a perfect society where people only worked for six hours a day. Utopia means 'nowhere' |
| Erasmus | Humanist, wrote _Edumafacation of a christian prince_ which was about practical suggestions for being a ruler. Believed that education gave the means to reform. |
| Rabelais | French humanist with a secular attitude. Wrote Gargantua and Pantagruel, a book about a giant and his son and a satire on french society. |
| Jan Van Eyck | One of the earliest artists to use oil based paints. Made works such as Ghent Alterpiece, and Giovanni Arnolfini and his bride. Both paintings show great attension to detail. |
| Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges | A document writen by Charles VII that said a general council had the power to appoint church officals. |
| Court of the Star Chamber | Judicial offshoot used by England's royal council against threats to the crown. Tourtured people so they would admit to 'crimes'. |
| Reconquista | Military attempts by cristian kingdoms to controll entire spanish penninsula, also were attempts to remove or convert jews and muslums. |
| Hermandades | Means brotherhoods. They were groups in towns that could act as judicial tribunals and police |
| Conquest of Granada | Ferdinand and Isabella took Granada in 1492. About time, 800 years of fighting for this. |
| How does individualism help explain the renaissance? | People were no longer worried to show off thier own talents. Artists bragged over work and stood out. |
| Boccaccio | Wrote the Decameron, had very secular themes |
| Jacob Burkhardt | Created modern concept of renaisance (1860) |
| Renaissance art features | Shadows, symetrical, secular, perspective |
