| A | B |
|---|
| Ionic Bond | forms when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| Covalent Bond | forms when electrons are shared between atoms |
| Ions | Positively and negatively charged atoms |
| molecule | structure that results when atoms are joined together by covalent bonds |
| van deer Waals forces | a slight attratction that can develop between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules |
| atom | basic unit of matter |
| nucleus | center of the atom which consists of protons and neutrons |
| electron | negatively charged particle located in the outside layer surrounding the nucleus |
| element | pure substance that consists of one type of atom |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons |
| compound | formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions |
| cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | attraction between molecules of different substances |
| mixture | material composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined |
| solution | mixture that occurs when ions gradually become dispersed in the water |
| solute | substance that is dissolved in a solution |
| solvent | substance in which something is dissolved in a solution |
| suspension | mixture of water and nondissolved material |
| acid | compound that forms H+ ions in solution |
| base | compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution |
| buffers | weak acids or bases taht can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH |
| carbohydrates | compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, usually in a ratio of 1:2:1 |
| monosaccharides | single sugar molecules |
| lipids | biological molecules that are generally not soluble in water |
| nucleic acids | macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus |
| nucleotides | consists of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| DNA and RNA | types of nucleic acids |
| proteins | macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| amino acids | compounds with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end |
| chemical reaction | process taht changs or transforms one set of chemicals into another |
| reactants | elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
| products | elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction |
| activation energy | energy that is needed to get a reaction started |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| enzymes | proteins that act as biological catalysts |
| substrates | reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions |
