| A | B |
|---|
| Insertion point of muscle | Attached to a more moveable point |
| Origin point of muscle | Attached to a more stationary point |
| Tendon | Attaches muscle to bone |
| Ligament | Attaches bone to bone |
| This is what a tendon merges with on each side | Fascia on the muscle side; periosteum on the bone side |
| Excitability (Irritability) | The ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing an impulse |
| Action potential | An electric signal |
| Role of the respiratory system in muscles | Provides oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide |
| Role of circulatory system in muscles | Transports oxygen and other nutrients to the muscles and takes away carbon dioxide |
| Role of the nervous system in muscles | Transmits impulses |
| Contractility | Ability of muscle to shorten |
| Extensibility | Ability of muscle to be stretched |
| Elasticity | Ability of a muscle to return to its original length after either contracting or extending |
| Antagonists | Muscles that have opposite functions |
| This is the reason antagonistic muscles are needed | Muscles can only pull; they can not push |
| These exercises extend and contract antagonistic muscles | ROM (range of motion) |
| Synergists | Two or more muscles that work together to perform a function |
| Main purpose of synergistic muscle groups | To maintain balance or stability |
| Cerebrum | Point in brain from which nerve impulses originate |
| Pathway of nerve impulses | Motor areas in frontal lobe of cerebrum , then they travel along motor nerve pathways to the muscle fibers and cause the muscle cells to contract |
| Coordination of muscles | Controlled by cerebellum; ability of some muscles to contract while others relax |
| Muscle tone | The state of slight contraction of muscles at all times (with exception of deep sleep or general anesthesia) |
| Needed to maintain and/or improve muslce tone | Exercise |
| Isotonic exercise | exercise with movement ( i.e. running, walking, etc) |
| Isometric exercise | Exercise without movement (like Pilates) |
| Atrophy | Wasting of muscle; withering away; shrinking |
| Hypertrophy | Building up of muscle; good for strength; bad for organs |
| Muscle sense | Brains ability to know where our muscles are and what they are doing without our conscious effort; this is done by way of stretch receptors which detect changes in length as a muscle is stretched |
