| A | B |
|---|
| birth rate | the yearly number of births per 1,000 people |
| carrying capacity | the number of people who can be supported at a sustainable level in an area with given resources and technology |
| death rate | the yearly number of deaths per 1,000 people |
| exponential growth | growth in which the rate of growth increases over time |
| fertile soil | soil that is rich in minerals and good for growing crops |
| finite | limited amount |
| Industrial Revolution | a period in history (mid-18th century through the 19th century) when there was a surge of new technological advances |
| infant mortality | the annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year |
| less developed countries | poorer countries that do not manufacture as many of their goods as more developed countries; also called underdeveloped and developing countries |
| life expectancy | the average number of years someone is expected to live based on current health trends |
| more developed countries | countries with greater overall wealth. These countries tend to be more industrialized, bringing in money from manufacturing more goods; also called developed countries |
| population | the number of people in a country or region |
| sanitation | the prevention of disease and promotion of good hygiene by maintaining clean conditions and safe drinking water |
| zero population growth | when a population is stable, neither growing nor decreasing. Globally, this would occur when the birth rate and the death rate are the same. |
| population doubling time | the number of years it takes for a country's population to double |
| literacy rate | the percentage of adults who can read and write |
| lines of latitude | imaginary lines that run completely around the globe. If you travel along any of these lines, you are going east or west |
| equator | an imaginary line of latitude that divides the world into the Northern and Southern hemispheres. It is numbered 0 degrees. |
| parallels | another name for lines of latitude |
| lines of longitude | imaginary great circles on the surface of the earth passing through the north and south poles |
| meridians | another name for lines of longitude |
| Prime Meridian | the meridian of 0 degrees longitude which runs through the original site of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England, and from which other longitudes are reckoned |
| North Pole | the northernmost point of the earth; 90 degrees North |
| South Pole | the southernmost point of the earth; 90 degrees South |
| International Date Line | an arbitrary line approximately along the 180th meridian designated as the place where each calendar day begins |
| population density | a measure of the number of people living in an area |
| migration | the process of moving from one place to live in another |
| population pyramid | a graph that shows the percentages of males and females by age group in a country's population |
| cohort | a group that has something in common, such as age and gender in a population pyramid |
| Black Plague | the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe |
| demographic transition | the process of shift from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates as part of the economic development of a country from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economy |
| illiterate | not able to read or write |
| patriarchy | a form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line |
| malnourished | having a poor or inadequate diet |
| megacity | a metropolitan area with a total population in excess of 10 million people |
| persecute | to oppress or harass with ill-treatment, especially because of race, religion, gender, or beliefs |
| resources | money, or any property that can be converted into money; assets |
| stable | showing little if any change |
| status | position or rank in relation to others |
| Zero Population Growth | a situation in which the number of new births is no greater than the number of people dying, so that the overall population size remains the same |
