| A | B |
|---|
| Prokaryote (prokaryotic cell) | microscopic, unicellular organism without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelle |
| Eukaryote (eukaryotic cell) | unicellular organism with membrane-bound nucleus and organelles; generally larger and more complex than a prokaryotic cell. |
| Organelle | specialized internal cell structure that carries out specific cell functions such as protein synthesis and energy transformation |
| Nucleus | In eukaryotic cells, the central membrane-bound organelle that manages cellular functions and contains DNA |
| Cytoplasm | semifluid material inside the cell's plasma membrane that contains the organelles |
| Cell membrane | flexible, selectively permeable boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell |
| Cell wall | in plants, the rigid barrier that surrounds the outside of the plasma membrane, is made of cellulose, and provides support and protection to the cell |
| Ribosome | simple cell organelle that helps manufacture proteins |
| Vacuole | membrane-bound vesicle for temporary storage of materials such as food, enzymes, and wastes |
| Mitochondria | membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel into energy that is available to the rest of the cell |
| Chloroplast | double-membrane organelle that captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis |
| Golgi apparatus | flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles and transports them to other organelles or out of the cell |
| Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth & rough) | highly folded membrane system in eukaryotic cells that is the site for protein and lipid synthesis |
| Centrioles | organelle that plays a role in cell division and is made of microtubules; found in cells other than plant cells |
| Nucleolus | the site of ribosome production within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells |
| Lysosome | vesicle that uses enzymes to digest excess or worn-out cellular substances |
| Cytoskeleton | supporting network of protein fibers that provide a framework for the cell within the cytoplasm |
| Macromolecule | large molecule formed by joining smaller organic molecules together |
| Lipids | hydrophobic biological molecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen; fats, oils, and waxes are lipids |
| Nucleic acids | complex macromolecule that stores and communicates genetic information |
| Proteins | organic compound made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds; primary guilding block of organisms |
| Carbohydrates | organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ration of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom |
| Cell Theory | states that (1) organisms are made of one or more cells; (2) cells are the basic unit of life; and (3) all cells come only from other cells |
| Organic molecules | Molecules made of carbon-based molecules |
| Inorganic molecules | molecules not having a carbon basis |
| Monomers | a molecule that can combine with others to form a polymer |
| Polymers | large molecule formed from smaller repeating units of identical, or nearly identical, compounds linked by covalent bonds |
| Endosymbiosis (endosymbiont theory) | explains that eukaryotic cells may have evolved from prokaryotic cells |
