| A | B |
|---|
| 30 years War | started as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics, but became a war of dynastic terrority and power |
| Printing Press | allowed ideas to spread quickly, brought the Church corruption into the eyes of the people, and made the Bible available to the majority of Europeans |
| Problem that the Catholic Church faced in the 1500s | the wealth of merchants challenged the Church’s view of usury |
| Problem that the Catholic Church faced in the 1500s | German and English nobility disliked Italian domination of the Church |
| Problem that the Catholic Church faced in the 1500s | The Church’s wealth and political power caused conflicts in Europe |
| Martin Luther | dismisses authority of the Pope |
| Cardinal Richelieu | Changes focus of 30 years war from religious to political |
| Jesuits | Catholic missionaries who spread Catholic doctrine |
| 95 Theses | Writings of Martin Luther that criticized the Catholic Church, especially the sale of indulgences |
| Diet of Worms | meeting where Martin Luther was summoned to recant his beliefs, but Luther refused |
| John Wycliffe | translated the Bible into English |
| Protestant Faiths | Lutheranism, Anglicanism, and Calvinism |
| Cardinal Richelieu | the creator of absolutism in France who sided with the Protestants in the Thirty Years War. |
| Secularism | belief that man’s life on earth is important |
| Beliefs of Martin Luther | all humans are equal before God, Bible is the ultimate authority, salvation by faith alone |
| Beliefs of John Calvin | predestination, protestant work ethic, faith revealed by living a righteous life |
| Results of Anglicanism | the monarch became the head of the Anglican church, the Anglican Church became a national church, capitalism became England’s economic system |
| usury | lending of money for profit |
| indulgences | sold by the Catholic Church to raise money. bought to limit the amount of time a soul spent in purgatory |
| simony | selling of church offices |
| inquisition | special court used by the Catholic Church to punish heretics |
| Hapsburgs | Royal family that remained loyal to the Catholic Church during the German Reformation |
| Edict of Nantes | granted religious freedom to the Huguenots in all but 17 French cities. Later revoked. |
| Act of Supremacy | established the monarch as the head of the Anglican Church |
| Elizabeth I | declared Anglicanism the national church of England |
| Jan Huss | religious reormer who was put on trial for heresy and burned at the stake |
| Martin Luther | began the Protestant Reformation |
| Ignatius Loyola | founder and leader of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) |
| Johannes Gutenberg | inventor of the printing press |
| Theology | study of religions |
| Johann Tetzel | declared that the purchase of indulgences could release a soul from purgatory |
| Counter Reformation | Catholic Churches attempt to reform the Church and reassert its authority |
| Individualism | belief that a person's accomplishments on earth are important |
| predestination | God has already determined who will be saved and who will not be. nothing you do can change this |
| Peace of Augsburg | said that German princes should be able to choose whether their lands would be Catholic or Lutheran |
| Huguenots | French followers of John Calvin |
| Reformation | gave rise to capitalism, secularism, and Protestantism |
