| A | B |
|---|
| Electronegativity | An atom attracting electrons in form of an ionic bond |
| macromolecule | a polymer that has a function |
| Valence electrons | the outer shell of an atom |
| glucose | a monosaccharide sugar C6 H12 O6 |
| denature | to change the shape of a protien 4 ways to change...temp, salinity, Ph, and chemical surrounding |
| lipids | fats-animal, oil plant, waxes-both Made up of carboxyl group and single bonded carbons |
| glycogen | (humans) how humans store glucose. They create a denosine, triphosphate |
| disaccharide | 2 sugars ex: sucrose-glucosed, fructose ..lactose-glucosed, galactose |
| monosaccharide | carbohydrate monomer, single sugar |
| hydrocarbons | simplest of all organic compounds (4 H's surrounding a C) |
| polysaccharide | more than 2 saccharides joined together with a polymer |
| octet | full valence shell (8 or 2) |
| amino acids | contains both amine and carboxyl functional groups, has peptide pond, 2 or more is a polypeptide |
| fatty acids | good fats made up of a carboxyl group; can be staurated or unsaturated |
| steroid | turn cells on and off, speed up or turn off, based off the same 4 carbon ring |
| saturated fat | has no double bonds, solids |
| unsaturated fat | has double bonds, olive oil |
| hydropholic | water loving |
| hydrophobic | water fear |
| phopholipid | a molecule of glycerol, 2 fatty acids, a phosphate molecule |
| wax | serve as a barrier, molecules of alcohol attached to fatty acids |
| triglyceride | 3 fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol |
| prokaryote | cells that lack "membrane, organelle, bond, and no nucleus" |
| eukaryote | cells that have "membrane, organelle" bond and nucleus |
| autotroph | make our own food |
| aerobic | need oxygen |
| anaerobic | does not need oxygen |
| enzymes | biological catalyst: They speed up reactions without changing themselves ex: gasoline and ice |
| substrate | whenever an emzymes breaks down or puts together |
| active site | the part of an enzyme that interacts with the subsstracte |
| enzymes endings | if it ends in" ASE-is an enzyme OSE-is a sugar |
| biology | the study of life |
| taxonomy | branch of science that deals with classifying things; started by Aristotle |
| Linnaean (Kingdoms) | Kingdom-animals, Phylum-chordata, class-mammalia, order-primate, family-hominidae, genus-homo, species- homo sapiens, sapiens |
| all 7 to be alive | 1. take/release energy, 2. exchange gas, 3. grow, 4. movement inside cell, 5. reproduce, 6. adapt in environment, 7. homeostasis--maintain |
| protein | a polymer of amino acids |
| examples of protein | keratin, collagen, hemogloben |
| isomers | same chemical formulas, different structures |
| monomer | single organic compound |
| polymer | a group of monomers joined together |
| peptide | amino acids linked together |
| dipeptide | a peptide that is composed of 2 amino acids molecules linked by a peptide bond |
| polypeptide | 10 or more amino acids |
| hydrogen bond | very weak bond between 2 partially charged molecules. A protien shape determines its function |
| covalent bond | electrons are shared |
| ionic bond | given and taken away (Na+ and Na - cl) |
| organic compounds | the compounds containing carbon that are found in alive things |
| functional groups | compounds or atoms other than carbon or hydrogen in an organic compound |
| examples of carbohydrates | pasta, potatoes, bread, rice, vegitables, bananas |
| chemical composition of carbohydrates | carbon (c) Hydrogen (H) and water (H2O) |
| dehydration | loss of water or liquids by a cell or organism |
| synthesis | a series of chemical reactions that produces a product or products |
| hydrolysis | chemical reaction that breaks a water molecule into a hydrogen and hydroxide ions for other chemical reactions |
| electronegativity and the periodic table | Electronegativity generally increases as you go from left to right across the periodic table. It decreases as you go down the periodic table. |
| Calculating electronegativity | <.5 = covalent; > .5 and < 2 = polar covalent; > 2 = ionic bond |
| Lewis dot structures | diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule |
