| A | B |
|---|
| Northwest Passage | water route through North America to Asia |
| Henry Hudson | English explorer who has a river and a bay named after him |
| John Cabot | claimed Newfoundland for England |
| Giovanni da Verrazzano | French explorer who explored the Atlantic coastline |
| Jacques Cartier | French explorer who explored Canada |
| St. Augustine | Spanish fort in Florida |
| Fort Caroline | French fort in Florida |
| Hugeonots | French protestants |
| Protestant | religion of England |
| Catholic | religion of Spain |
| galleons | bulky, slow-moving ships |
| sea dogs | English sailors who attacked Spanish ships |
| Sir Francis Drake | Englishman who raided Spanish ports |
| Spanish Armada | Spanish navy of 130 ships |
| Samuel de Champlain | French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence River |
| New France | first permanent French settlement in North America |
| New Netherland | Dutch settlement founded on Hudson River |
| New Amsterdam | present day New York City |
