| A | B |
|---|
| REM sleep | high level of brain activity; almost always includes dreams |
| REM rebound | increased amounts of REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep on earlier nights |
| nightmares | bad dreams occurring during REM sleep |
| REM behavior disorder | rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing person to thrash around and even get up and act out of nightmares |
| somnambulism (sleepwalking) | stage 4 sleep disorder, getting up and moving around while asleep |
| night terrors | rare disorder in which person experiences extreme fear and screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking further |
| insomnia | inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep |
| sleep apnea | disorder in which the person stops breathing for nearly half a minute or more; a continuous positive airway pressure device can help |
| narcolepsy | sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep |
| cataplexy | sudden loss of muscle tone |
| restless leg syndrom | uncomfortable sensation in legs causing movement and loss of sleep |
| nocturnal leg cramps | painful cramping in leg or foot muscles |
| hypersomnia | excessive daytime sleepiness |
| circadian rhythm disorders | disturbance of the sleep-wake cycles such as jet lag and shift work |
| eneurisis | urinating while asleep in bed |
| Freud | dreams as wish fulfillment |
| manifest content | the actual dream itself |
| latent content | the true, hidden meaning of a dream |
| activation-synthesis hypothesis | dreams created by higher centers of the cortext to explain the activation of the brain stem of cortical cells during REM sleep periods |
| activation-information-mode model (AIM) | revised version of activation-synthesis explanation of dreams in which information that is accessed during waking hours can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams |
| hypnosis | state of consciousness in which the person is especially susceptible to suggestion |
| first step in hypnosis | hypnotist tells the person to focus on what is being said |
| second step in hypnosis | person is told to relax and feel tired |
| third step in hypnosis | hypnotist tells the person to "let go" and accept suggestions easily |
| fourth step in hypnosis | person is told to use vivid imagination |
| hypnosis can . . . | create amnesia for what happened in session, relieve pain, alter sensory perception |
| hypnosis cannot . . . | give people superhuman strength, enhance memory, regress people back to childhood |
| hypnosis as dissociation | works only in a person's immediate conscciousness, while a hidden "observer" remained aware of all that was going on |
| social-cognitive theory of hypnosis | assumes that people who are hypnotized are not in an altered state but are merely playing the role expected of them in the situation |
