| A | B |
|---|
| acetyl CoA | a 2-carbon compound (acetate, or acetic acid) to which a molecule of CoA is attached |
| aerobic | requiring oxygen |
| ammonia | a compound with the chemical formula NH3; produced during the deamination of amino acids |
| anabolism | reactions in which small molecules are put together to build larger ones. |
| Anabolic reactions | require energy |
| ATP(adenosine triphosphate) | a common high-energy compound composed of a purine, a sugar, and 3 phosphate groups |
| catabolism | reactions in which large molecules are broken down to smaller ones. |
| Catabolic reactions | release energy |
| CoA (coenzyme A) | the conenzyme derived from the B vitamin pantothenic acid and central to the energy metabolism of nutrients |
| Cori cycle | the path from muscle glycogen to pyruvate to lactic acid to glucose to glycogen |
| coupled reactions | pairs of chemical reaction in which energy released from the breakdown of one compound is used to create a bond in the formation of another compound |
| energy metabolism | the chemical reaction by which the body obtains and spends the energy from food |
| fatty acid oxidation | the metabolic breakdown of fatty acids to acetyl CoA |
| glycolysis | the metabolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate. Does not require oxygen. |
| keto acid | an organic acid that contains a carbonyl group (C=O) |
| lactic acid | an acid produced from pyruvate during anaerobic metabolism |
| metabolism | the sum total of all the chemical reactions that go on in living cells |
| photosynthesis | the process by which green plants make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water using the green pigment chlorophyll to trap the sun's energy |
| pyruvate (pyruvic acid) | a 3 carbon compound that, in metabolism, can be derived from glucose, certain amino acids, or glycerol |
| transamination | the transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to a keto acid, produced a new nonessential amino acid and a new keto acid |
| urea | the principal nitrogen-excretion product of metabolism. 2 ammonia fragments combine with carbon dioxide to form this |
| hydrolysis | is an example of catabolic reaction |
| the pathway from pyruvate to acetyl CoA | is metabolically irreversible |
| During a fast, the body produces ketone bodies by | condensing acetyl CoA |
| The body stores energy for future use in | triglycerides |
