| A | B |
| Zoroastrianism | Persia's monotheistic religion |
| Monotheism | Religion with one god |
| Polytheism | Religion with many gods |
| Judaism | Hebrew's monotheistic religion |
| Torah | Jewish holy book |
| Ten Commandments | Jewish code of law |
| Phoenicians | created the alphabet |
| Moses | led the Jews out of Egypt |
| Abraham | founder of the Jews |
| Alphabet | created by the Phoenicians |
| Bureaucracy | division of power in government |
| Tolerance | how Persians treated conquered peoples |
| Cuneiform | writing in Mesopotamia |
| Hieroglyphics | writing in Egypt |
| heriditary rule | when a son inherits his father's crown |
| carriers of civilization | Phoenicians |
| Trading | what the Phoenicians did |
| Israelites | another name for Hebrews |
| built to increase communication in the Persian Empire | roads |
| most important city to the Hebrews | Jerusalem |