| A | B |
|---|
| Biosphere | ecosphere |
| Atmosphere | air- layer of air surrounding the Earth |
| Lithosphere | rock, soil, solid |
| Hydrosphere | water |
| Ecosphere | the global ecosystem. The sum total of all the various ecosystems on the Earth. |
| photosynthesis | The process of plants put sugars, carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water together. It produces food and oxygen that sustain all life including its own. |
| why plants are called producers | They keep all living things alive by producing oxygen and food. |
| examples of aquatic ecosystems. | Lakes, ponds, rivers, springs, swamps, marshes, estuaries (mixture of fresh and salt water), coral reefs, seas and oceans. |
| examples of terrestrial ecosystems. | Forests, grasslands, savannas, chaparrals, tundra, and deserts. |
| the components of an ecosystem | Producers, (plants) Primary Consumers, (vegetarian animals- herbivores) Secondary Consumers, (animals that eat plants and animals (carnivores and omnivores) and Decomposers. (worms and mushrooms) |
| primary consumers (herbivores) | The animals called herbivores because they get their food from plants. |
| secondary consumers (carnivores) | Omnivores eat meat and plants like bears and people. |
| the role of decomposers | They break the waste products, and dead bodies of organism like plants and animals into non living things that are recycled. |
| succession and explain why it occurs. | Succession = change. It is the gradual replacement of one community with another because each stage changes the environment and prepared the ways for the next stage. |
| the benefits and drawbacks of a monoculture. | A corn field is an example. Benefits you can get a high production. Drawbacks- risky because weather, pests or disease might kill everything at once. |
| why diverse ecosystems are more stable than monocultures | It’s harder to harm because it can conserve nutrients, resistant to pest and disease and can stand weather change. |
| Define biome and give examples of terrestrial biomes | Ex. Forests, Deserts, Grasslands, Woodlands, and Tundra. |
| the three major groups of aquatic ecosystems. | a)Freshwater- salt- free, b)Marine water- (oceans)- salt, and c)Estuaries- zone in which fresh and marine waters mixed. |
| the six basic needs of humans and explain why each is a basic need. | Water- to transport nutrients to the cells and carry waste products away. The things we eat also need water. Shelter- human live in houses to moderate changes and make life more pleasant. Air- for building structural protein, enzymes, and other molecules. Minerals- Food cannot be grown without minerals in the soil. We get some of our minerals from our food. Food- humans need a variety of foods, plants and animals. We need proteins for energy and tissue building, vitamins and minerals are indispensable for life. |
| what is meant by social requirements of survival. | Social requirements meant that people want to have companions and do better living with other people. |
