| A | B |
|---|
| Physical remains oflong-dead plants or animals | fossils |
| A group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding | species |
| A distinct heritable characteristic | trait |
| Contained within DNA | genes |
| One who studies prehistoric life through fossils | paleontologist |
| Aristotle's "ladder of life" | Scala Naturae |
| A group of theories that suppose offspring tend to differ from their parents in a specific direction | directed variation |
| A heritable characteristic that causes a large change in an individual | macromutation |
| The exchange of genes between populations | gene flow |
| A theory of heredity | Medelism |
| A group to which an oranism can be assigned | taxon |
| Lamarck's theory of "willed" evolution | transformism |
| In some cases, an error in genetic copying from parent to offspring | mutation |
| A characteristic that helps an organism survive | adaptation |
