| A | B |
|---|
| biochemical pathway | complex series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is consumed in the next reaction |
| thylakoid | flattened sacs that make of the inner membrane of the chloroplast |
| grana | stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast |
| stroma | solution surrounding the thylakoids in the chloroplast |
| pigment | compound that absorbs light |
| carotenoid | pigment that appears yellow, orange or brown |
| chlorophyll a | pigment that absorbs less blue light and more red |
| chlorophyll b | pigment that absorbs more blue and less red |
| photosystem | cluster of pigment molecules |
| electron transport chain | molecules in the thylakoid or mitochondria that uses some of the energy in electrons to pump protons across the membrane |
| chemiosmosis | process in chloroplasts or mitochondria in which the movement of protons down their concentration gradien across a membrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP |
| NADP+ | organic molecule that accepts electrons during redox reactions |
| ATP synthase | enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP and ADP and phosphate |
| carbon fixation | the incorporation of carbon dioxide into organic compounds |
| Calvin Cycle | second series of reactions in the process of photosynthesis |
| CAM plants | carbon dioxide is incorporated into organic acids at night and released for fixation in the Calvin cycle during the day |
| C3 plants | fix carbon solely through the Calvin cycle |
| stomata | pores in the bottom of plant leaves |
| C4 plants | Examples include corn, sugar cane and crabgrass |
| endergonic | reaction that stores energy |
| photon | light energy |
| heterotroph | organisms that obtain energy through the consumption of other animals or plants |
| autotroph | organism that obtains energy from inorganic substances |
| chloroplast | location of photosynthesis |
| chromatography | process used to separate different chemicals |
| oxidation | loss of electrons |
| reduction | gain of electrons |
| photophosphorylation | addition of phosphate to ADP to make ATP |
| ATP and NADPH | products of the light reaction |
| Glucose | product of Calvin cycle |
