| A | B |
|---|
| Age of Exploration | an attempt to find an all water trade route to the East |
| Crusades | Holy Wars fought between the Europeans and the Muslims |
| cartography | the art of map making |
| astrolabe | used to determine location relative to heavenly bodies |
| carvel | large multiple masted ship capable of carrying heavy cargo and sailing in the oceans |
| Prince Henry | Portugese prince who opened a school for sailors and sponsored exploratory voyages |
| Bartholomew Dias | sailing for Portugal he discovered the southern tip of Africa |
| Cape of Good Hope | southern tip of Africa |
| Vasco Da Gama | 1497-sailing for Portugal he rounded Africa and reached India in 10 months |
| Christopher Columbus | 1492-sailing for Spain he is credited with discovering the New World |
| October 12, 1492 | the date Columbus landed in the New World |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | 1494-this document signed by Spain and Portugal divided the undiscovered world between the two countries |
| Amerigo Vespucci | America was named after him |
| Pedro Cabral | 1500-he claimed Brazil for Portugal |
| Vasco De Balboa | he landed and crossed Panama discovering the Pacific Ocean |
| conquistador | 1519-Spanish warrior (word means conqueror) |
| Hernan Cortes | 1519-he left Cuba and landed in Mexico-he conquered Mexico killing 50,000 Aztecs |
| Aztecs | native Mexican Indians defeated by Cortes in Mexico |
| Montezuma | Aztec ruler-he invited the Spanish into the city giving them gifts of gold |
| Francisco Pizzarro | 1510-he invaded the Inca Empire of Peru-he claimed much of western and southern America for Spain |
| Incas | the native Indians of Peru who were defeated by the Spanish |
| Common diseases | small pox-measles-flu |
| Ferdinand Magellan | 1519-he sailed for Spain and led the first expedition to circumnagivate the world |
| Northwest Passage | the false idea that by sailing Northwest a passage existed to sail to Asia |
| John Cabot | 1497-he sailed for England and claimed Newfoundland, Nova Scotia & New England for the English |
| Jacques Cartier | 1534-he sailed up the St. Lawrence River as far as Montreal and claimed land for France |
| Francis Drake | English pirate who sailed around the world claiming part of the Pacific Northwest for England |
| Henry Hudson | he sailed for the Dutch claiming land in New York at the mouth of the Hudson River |
| Triangle Trade Route | Europe with manufactured goods to West Africa for laves to N.A. for raw materials and back to Europe |
| Bartolome de las Casas | Spanish priest who was concerned with the destruction of the Indian population suggested to the king of Spain to import African labor |
| Dutch East India Company | early 1600's-controlled much of the Asia market and established colony in New York |
| Middle Passage | the trip from Africa to the Western Hemisphere for the slaves |
| British East India Company | established trade in India in the 18th century creating a monopoly |
| St. Augustine | the first permanent Spanish settlement in N.A. (Florida) |
| Jamestown | first permanent English settlement in N.A. (Virginia-1607) |
| Plymouth Rock | English settlement formed by Pilgrims for religious purposes in 1620 (MA)-Mayflower Compact |
| Quebec | first permanent French settlement in N.A. (Canada 1608) |
| Samuel de Champlain | he founded the colony of Quebec |
| slavery | owing another human as property - used for labor |
| indentured servitude | many Europeans traveled to the New World by offering their labor for up to 7 years inb exchange for passage |
| Joint Stock Company | investors put up money to pay for voyages to the New World and shared in the profits if successful |
| stock | a certificate of ownership in a corporation or business venture |
| dividend | a percentage of profits paid to stockholders |
| capitalism | economic system based on free enterprise, private ownership of property and individual profit |
| mercantilism | government controlled economy in which the colonies exist to benefit the mother country (wealth is based on precious metals & imports and exports |
| inflation | a general increase in prices as a result of declining value of money as it becomes less scarce |
| ecology | natural order (nature's distribution of plant and animal life) |
| Name 3 ways the ecoloby change in the New World | animals, plants and disease |
| Causes of the mass destruction of the native population | murder, disease, and mistreatment |
