| A | B |
|---|
| ecosystem | where living things interact with other living and non living things in a shared environment |
| ecosystem diversity | diversity in all living and non-living things found on earth |
| population | when members of a species live in a specific area and share the same resources |
| community | when populations of different species live in the same area |
| community diversity | diversity in populations of species that live in certain communities |
| genetic diversity | diversity between the genetic makeup of individuals, found at the cellular level |
| species | organisms at the lowest level of the Linneaus classification system that can reproduce |
| commensalism | a relationship where one organism benefits but the other is not harmed |
| symbiosis | an association between members of different species |
| mutualism | a relationship where both organisms benefit |
| parasitism | a relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed |
| interspecies competition | happens when 2 or more species need the same resource |
| niche | describes the role of an organism within the ecosystem |
| variability | variation within a species |
| natural selection | occurs when the environment changes, which selects which individuals will survive long enough to reproduce |
| resource partitioning | division of a resource among two or more coexisting species such that the niche of each species differs slightly |
| heritable characteristics | characteristics that are passed on from generation to generation |
| non-heritable characteristics | characteristics that are acquired |
| discrete variation | differences in characteristics that have a defined, either/or form |
| continuous variation | differences in characteristics that have a range of forms |
| asexual reproduction | reproduction that involves only 1 parent and produces offspring with identical characteristics |
| binary fission | a type of asexual reproduction where a cell splits exactly in 2 |
| budding | a type of asexual reproduction where a parent produces a small version of itself on the side |
| spores | a cell produced by asexual reproduction in certain organism such as ferns, which can develop directly into an adult |
| vegetative reproduction | reproduction of a plant that does not involve formation of a seed |
| sperm | the male gamete in animals |
| egg | the female gamete in animals |
| fertilization | union of a sperm cell with an egg cell |
| zygote | the cell created by the joining of 2 gametes |
| pollen | the male gamete in plants |
| ovule | the female gamete in plants |
| stamen | the male reproductive organ in plants |
| pistil | the female reproductive organ in plants |
| chromosomes | tightly coiled packages of DNA |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | the genetic material found in the cells in all living things |
| gene | an uninterrupted segment of DNA that contains coded instructions |
| allele | one of the possible forms of a gene |
| mitosis | cell division that happens in the body cells of organisms and produces cells that are exact copies of the original |
| meiosis | cell division that only occurs to produce sex cells, where the new cells have half the amount of DNA |
| pollination | occurs when pollen is transferred from the anther of the stamen to the stigma of the pistil |
| purebred | refers to a plant or animal that has ancestors all with the same form of a trait |
| hybrid | an organism produced by crossing 2 individuals purebred for different forms of a trait |
| incomplete dominance | a pattern of inheritance seen when 2 different alleles are present at the same gene location but neither is dominant |
| extinction | when a species completely disappears from earth |
| extirpation | when a species disappears from a certain area |
| overspecialization | when organisms have adaptations that suit them only to a narrow set of environmental conditions |
| artificial selection | the process of selecting and breeding individuals with desirable traits to produce offspring that have those desired traits |
| biotechnology | the use of living things to make agricultural, medicinal and industrial products |
| clone | a genetically identical copy of an organism, cell, or part of an organism |
| artificial insemination | artifical collection and injection of sperm from a male into a female |
| in vitro fertilization | fertilization that happens outside the body |
| genetic engineering | any technology that directly alters the DNA of an organism |
| in-situ conservation | conservation or protection of organisms within their natural environment or habitat |
| ex-situ conservation | conservation of organisms outside of their natural habitat |
