| A | B |
| Sahara | largest desert in Africa |
| Semidesert | more rain than Sahara |
| Sahel | short grasses and bushes |
| savanna | tall grasses and scattered trees |
| Niger | river of trade |
| Woodland Forest | wetter; trees and shrubs |
| Rainforest | rain falls year-round; large trees |
| archeologist | digs for clues at the dump |
| blacksmith | shapes iron; many think he's a magician |
| tribute | paid to king by subjects |
| Ghana | first historic kingdom of west Africa |
| Mali | Muslim empire in west Africa |
| Songhai | territory as large as western Europe |
| matrilineal | based on a woman's family line |
| headdress | a decorative covering worn on the head, often as a sign of rank |
| porter | a person who is hired to carry loads |
| amulet | a piece of jewlery or other object used as a charm to provide against bad luck, illness, injury, or evil |
| succession | inheritance of the right to rule |
| patrilneal | based on a man's family line |
| scaffolding | a framework used to support workers and materials during the construction or repair of a building |