| A | B |
|---|
| community | group of interacting populationsthat occupy the same area at the same time. |
| tolerance | the ability of any organism to survive when subjected to abiotic factors or biotics factors |
| secondary succession | the orderly and predictable chang that takes place after a community of organisms has been removed but the soil has remained intact |
| climax community | the stable, mature community that results when there is a little change in the compostion of species |
| ecological succession | change in the ecosystem that happens when one community replaces another as a result of chaning abiotic and biotic factors |
| primary succession | establishment of a community in an area of exposed rock that does not have any topsoil |
| limiting factor | any abiotic factor or biotic factor that restricts the number,reproduction, or distribution of organisms |
| weather | is the condition of the atmosphere at a specific place and time |
| tundra | a treeless biome with a layer of permanently frozen soil below the surface called permafrost |
| climate | the average weather conditions in an area including temperature and precipitation |
| woodland | biome characterized by small trees and mixed shrub communities |
| tropical rain forest | warm temperatures and large amounts of rainfall throughout the year |
| grassland | biome characterized by fertile soil that are able to support thick cover of grasses |
| latitude | the distance of any point on the surface of Earth north or south form the equator |
| temperate forest | composed of broad-leaved, deciduous trees |
| tropical savanna | characterized by grasses and scattered trees in climates that recieve less precipitaion than some tropical areas |
| desert | any area in which the annual rate of evaporation exceeds the rate of precipitaion |
| boreal forest | northern coniferous forest of taiga |
| tropical seasonal forest | characterized by deciduous and evergreen trees, a dry season, and animal species that include monkeys, elephants, and Bengal tigers |
| abyssal zone | deepest region of the ocean, water is very cold in this area |
| plankton | free-floating photosynthetic autotrophs that live in freshwater or marine ecosystems |
| estuary | an ecosystem that is formed where freshwater from a river or stream merges with salt water from the ocean |
| sediment | material that is deposited by water, wind, or glaciers |
| limnetic zone | the open water area that is well lit and dominated by plankton |
| wetlands | area of lands such as marshes, swamps, and bogs that are saturated with water and that support aquatic plants |
| aphotic zone | an area where sunlight is unable to penetrate |
| intertidal zone | a narrow band where the ocean meets land |
| profundal zone | the deepest area of a large lake, is much colder and lower in oxygen |
| littoral zone | area closest to shore |
| photic zone | shallow enough that sunlight is able to penetrate |
| benthic zone | is the area along the ocean floor that consists of sand, silt, and dead organisms |
