| A | B |
|---|
| political party | groups who nominate candidates for office and try to get laws passed with which they agree |
| Federalist Party | led by Adams & Hamilton; wanted strong government & industrial economy; supported by bankers and business |
| Democratic-Republican Party | led by Jefferson; wanted strong states & agricultural economy; supported by farmers, artisans, & pioneers |
| Marbury v. Madison | Supreme Court case, under Chief Justice John Marshall of Virginia, that established the power “judicial review” |
| judicial review | Supreme Court power to declare laws passed by Congress and acts of Presidents to be unconstitutional |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | under Chief Justice John Marshall of Virginia, Supreme Court declared “national supremacy.” |
| national supremacy | federal government has power over the states; federal law is supreme over state law |
| Monroe Doctrine | 1823 warning against new European colonization in the Americas; established a new U.S. foreign policy |
| immigration | the coming of people to a new country to take up permanent residence |
| industrialization | the process of converting from hand-made to machine-made products |
| Manifest Destiny | idea that God intended the United States to stretch from Atlantic to Pacific |
| Louisiana Purchase | land west of the Mississippi, bought from France by Jefferson; doubled size of the United States |
| Lewis & Clark Expedition | exploration of Louisiana Purchase by Lewis, Clark, and Indian guide, Sacajawea |
| War of 1812 | war between Britain and the United States during Madison’s administration. |
| Oregon Territory | British territory claimed by Americans after their victory over Britain in the War of 1812 |
| Florida Territory | Spanish territory Americans migrated into after the War of 1812; later acquired by treaty |
| cotton gin | machine used for separating cotton seeds from cotton fiber; invented by Eli Whitney |
| “cotton kingdom” | the name given to the area of the Deep South with large cotton plantations supported by slave labor |
| Alamo | battle at abandoned mission in San Antonio, Texas: Texans fought to the last man against Mexicans |
| Mexican War | 1846 to 1848; U.S. gained California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona and parts of Colorado and New Mexico |
| George Washington | Virginian; unanimously elected 1st President; set up the first “Cabinet” |
| John Adams | started the Federalist Party with Hamilton, 1st Vice-President, 2nd President of the United States |
| Alexander Hamilton | started Federalist Party with John Adams, 1st Secretary of Treasury, started the Bank of the U.S. |
| Thomas Jefferson | wrote Declaration of Independence and VA Statute of Religious Freedom, began Democratic-Republicans |
| Thomas Jefferson | 1st Secretary of State, 3rd President, purchased Louisiana Territory from France |
| James Madison | “Father” of Constitution, author of VA Plan, 4th President of the U.S. during War of 1812 |
| John Marshall | 2nd Supreme Court Justice, from Richmond; established “judicial review” and “national supremacy.” |
| James Monroe | Democratic-Republican, 5th President and author of Monroe Doctrine |
| Meriwether Lewis & William Clark | explorers hired by Thomas Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Territory |
| Sacajawea | Shoshone Indian woman who was translator and guide for Lewis & Clark Expedition |
| Eli Whitney | inventor of the cotton gin, machine used for separating cotton seeds from cotton fiber |
