| A | B |
|---|
| pharaoh | strong central ruler of Egypt, king |
| pyramid | great pointed burial tombs for pharaohs during the Old Kingdom |
| bronze | a hard metal used for weapons by combining copper and tin |
| Hyksos | A nomadic foreign people that invaded Egypt and ended the Middle Kingdom |
| Book of the Dead | a collection of spells and charms to help a person navigate the afterlife |
| King Menes / Narmer | pharaoh who united Upper and Lower Egypt |
| shabtis | small statues that come to life in the afterlife and help the dead with their chores |
| Osiris | God of the Underworld |
| Hapi | God of the Nile and the floods |
| hieroglyphics | Egyptian writing using pictures to represent words and sounds |
| papyrus | Reed found which grows near the Nile and is used to make a paper-like material, boats, and buildings |
| shadoof | a weighted see-saw like device that helped with irrigation |
| afterlife | a life believed in many religions to continue after death |
| chariot | a mode of transportation which has two wheels and is pulled by a horse |
| canopic jars | four containers used to hold the inner organs during mummification |
| Isis | God of Magical Powers and Healing |
| Anubis | God of embalming |
| Horus | God of eternal life and the harvest |
| Seth | God of the desert and chaos |
| Ramses II | a New Kingdom pharaoh with a large family who expanded the Egyptian empire through war |
| sarcophagus | a coffin used to identify and further protect a mummy |
| Valley of the Kings | location of the tombs of New Kingdom pharaohs |
| Hatshepsut | an important female pharaoh who focused on expanding trade during her rule |
| natron | type of salt used to dry out the body during the embalming process |
| Rosetta Stone | information written three times in different languages that served as the key stone to understand hieroglyphics |
| Maat | Goddess of Justice and Truth that weighs the heart during the embalming process |
| ankh | cross shaped symbol of life, often carried by pharaohs |
| Cleopatra | last ruler of Egypt |
| cartouche | oval frame which surrounded the written name of a pharaoh |
| vizier | chief advisor to the pharaoh |
| Akhenaton | pharaoh who changed Egypt to a monotheistic religion, King Tut's father |
| Howard Carter | archeologist that found King Tut's tomb |
| King Tutankhamun | pharaoh who died young and who's tomb was found intact |
| Crook & Flail | a symbol of power often carried by the pharaoh |
| Nomes | An Egyptian state. There were a total of 42 |
| Nomarchs | An Egyptian governor |
| Jean Francois Champollion | chief translator of the Rosetta Stone |
| Ptolemy dynasty | a line of Greek rulers that rule Egypt following the death of Alexander the Great until Rome takes control |
| Khufu | the Old Kingdom pharaoh who built the Great pyramid at Giza |
| theocracy | When major decisions about government are based on the major religion of the country |
| Theocracy | When a governments decisions are tied directly to the religion practiced in the area |
| Thebes | capital city of New Kingdom |
| Memphis | capital city of Old Kingdom |
| Alexandria | a coastal Egyptian city created by Alexander the Great |
| absolute power | an all powerful leader whose word becomes law |
| Old Kingdom | The 1st kingdom when pyramids were made and pharaohs had absolute power |
| Middle Kingdom | A period of time when Egypt stated international trade but the pharaohs were at their least powerful |
| New Kingdom | The Golden Age of Egypt when pharaohs were buried in the Valley of the Kings |
| Mummification | a 70 day Egyptian technique to preserve the dead forever |
| Giza | the location of the largest pyramids in Egypt |
| composite bows | a weapon made of thin strips of wood pasted together with a resin used to shoot arrows further than regular wood. |
