| A | B |
|---|
| multiple alleles | three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait |
| sex chromosomes | a pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine whether a person is male or female |
| sex-linked genes | a gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome |
| carrier | a person who has one recessive allele for a trait, but does not have the trait |
| genetic disorder | an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes |
| pedigree | a chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait |
| karyotype | a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs |
| selective breeding | the process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation |
| inbreeding | a selective breeding method in which two indificuals with identical or similar sets of alleles are crossed |
| hybridization | an organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait |
| clone | an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced |
| genetic engineering | the transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism, in order to produce an organism with desired traits |
| gene therapy | the insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the disorder |
| genome | all of the DNA in one cell of an organism |
