| A | B |
|---|
| Who composed the first estate? | clergy, Gallican Church (1% of population) |
| Who composed the second estate? | Nobility (2-4% of the population) |
| What were the two taxes the members of the third estate had to pay? | tithes to the chruch and taille to the gov't |
| What is the terms for French peasants having forced labor several days per year for nobles | corvee |
| What was the document in the French gov't that allowed gov't to imprison anyone without trial or jury? | lettre de cachet |
| Is it the recent or traditional scholarship that believes that the French Revolution was a clash with the monarchy driven by the bourgeoisie and aristocracy together? | recent |
| How much of Louis 16th budget went to pay interest? | 1/2 |
| Who were the brother and mother of Marie Antoinette? | Joseph II and Maria Theresa of Austria |
| Marie Antionette was the wife of what French king? | Louis XVI |
| What are the years of the reign of King Louis XVI? | 1677-1692 |
| Who was Louis XVI's finance minister who tried to raise taxes the the nobles, but failed? | Necker |
| What is the term for the government allowing each estate to compile a list of suggestions and grievances and present them to the king during an upcoming Estates Genereal? | Cahiers de doleance |
| In what year did the Estates General meet for the first time since 1614? | 1789 |
| What is the Third Estate? | Everythhing! Appe Sieyes |
| The period of the National Assembly from 1789-1791 was known as the age of who? | Age of Montesquieu |
| What was the oath on which the 3rd Assembly made itself the National Assembly and vowed to make a new constitution? | Tennis Court Oath |
| What was the date of teh storming of the bastille? | July 14, 1789 |
| What was the wave of violence and hysteria among the peasant in the countryside against the proertied class and in what year did it occur? | Great Fear of 1789 |
| What was the first constiution of France created by the national assembly? | Declaration of the Rights of Man adn Citizens |
| What were the provisions of the declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen? | due process of law, sovreignty of the people, equality, freedom of expression and religion, tax only by common consent, seaprate gov't branches |
| Name the two feminists of the French Revolution and the books that they wrote | Olympe de Gouges, "The Rights of Woman"; Mary Wollstonecraft, "Vindicatin of the Rights of Woman" |
| On October 7, 1789, the women marched to what palace as part of what riot? | Versailles palace as part of the bread riot |
| Who incited women during the French revolution to storm Versailles in 1789? | Jean Paul Marat |
| Where was the king and his family forced to move to after the were stormed during a bread riot at Versailles and what is the quote associated with this move? | Tuleries; "The Baker, the Baker's wife, and the Baker's little boy" |
| What document crated a French national church with 83 bishops and diocese? | The Civil Constitution of the Clergy |
| What are the area in which France was divided by teh national assembly? | 83 Departments |
| What is known as the king's attempt to escape from Tuleries? | Flght to Varennes |
| What was the new paper currency under the National Assembly that was based on the value of former chrch lands? | Assignats |
| Who were the two opposing others and their works concerning the French Revolution? | Edward Burke, "Reflections on the Revolution in France"; Thomas Paine, "Rights of man" |
| What was the name of the governing body of France after the National Assembly and what years were they in power? | Legislative Assembly (1791-1792) |
| Who was the main political club of the legislative assembly and what was their most radical sect? | Jacobins, which had the GIrondins sect |
| What document was issued by Prussia and Austria in response to the French Revolution and it what year was it issued? (the first one released) | Declaration of Pillintz, 1791 |
| What is the name for the French nobles who fled France and sought the support of Foreign countries? | Emigres |
| What is the name of the document that stated that Prussia and Austria would destroy Paris if the royal family was harmed? | Brunswick Manifesto |
| What event marked the beginning of the "2nd revolution" and by who was this event sparked? | The storming of the king of Tuleries when the Swiss Guards were killed and the kind was taken prisoner. It was inspired by the revolutionary sentiment of Robespierre, Danton, and Marat |
| What was teh revolutionary municipal gov't set up in paris which usurped the powers of the legislative assembly and who was it led by? | Paris Commune; led by Georges- Jacques Danton |
| What event that was led by the Paris Commune as a result of rumors of aristocratic and clerical conspiracy with foreign invaders? | September massacres |
| What was the institution that came to power after the legislative assembly and what dates was it in power? | 1792-1795; National Convention |
| What was the slogan under National Convention? | Equality, Liberty, Fraternity |
| What were the two political factions of the National Convention? | The Mountain and the Girondins |
| What was the name for the French working class? | sans-culottes |
| What political leader demanded radical political action to guarantee bread? | Jacques Roux |
| What is the name of the radical working-class group that seized and arrested Mountain members in the Convention? | Enrages |
| Who killed Marat and what political club where they a member of? | Charlotte Corday, member of Girondins |
| What was the law the planned economy to respond to food shortages and other economic problems | Law of Maximum |
| What was Robespierre's ruling refered to and what years was it in power? | reign of power; 1793-1794 |
| What law created revolutionary Tribunals at the local level to hear cases of accused enemies brought to justice? | Law of Suspects |
| What religion appeared under the Reign of Terror? | Cult of the Supreme Being |
| What was the name of the event that ended the reign of terror and in what year did it occur? | THe Thermidorian Reaction (1794) |
| What was the name of the system that took over after the national convention and what were its dates of power? | The Directory (1795-1799) |
| What the insurgent group of sans-culottes that sought to overthrow the directory and abolish property and who was it led by? | Conspiracy of Equals led by Gracchus babeuf |
| In what to battles did napoleon Bonaparte destroy the First Coalition in totality by defeating the british? | Battle of teh Pyramids and Battle of teh Nile |
| What is the name of the revolution in which Abbe Sieyes, on of the directors, called upon Napoleon to rule? | Coup d'Etat Brumaire |
| What was napoleon's first title as ruler? | First consul |
| Give the dates of the Napoleonic Era and the philsophe its age is also known by. | 1799-1815 "Age of Voltaire" |
| The what, or genreal referendum, overwhelmingly voted for Napoleon? | plebiscite |
| What were the parts of the Code Napoleon? | code of civil produce, criminal procedure, commercial code, and penal code; equality before the law |
| What were the promotions in gov't service based on merit that Napoleon created? | Carrers Open to talent |
| In what document did Napoleon end the rift between the church and the state? | Concordat of 1801 |
| What financial institution was created by Napoleon to serve the interests of the state and financial oligarchy? | Bank of France |
| Who was the head of Napoleon's secret Police? | Joseph Fouche |
| Who was the man who was arrested and shot though innocent by Napoleon's secret police? | Duke of Enghien |
| In what treaty did Austria lose her Italian possession and the German territory on the west bank of the Rhine was incorprated into France and isolated Britain and in what year? | Treaty of Luneville (1801) |
| What was the name of the treaty in which Britain returned some French islands but allowed France to keep conquered European terroties and in what year did it occur? | Treaty of Amiens (1802) |
| Name the two periods of the Napoleonic Era and their dates | Consulate Period (1799-1804) and the Empire Period (1804-1814) |
| What was the name for enlarged France and satellite kingdoms under Napoleon? | Grand Empire |
| What are the dates of the War of the Third Coalition? | 1805-1807 |
| What king of Russia joined Austria and Great Britain in the War of the Third Coalition? | Alexander VI |
| What was the battle in which the British navy destroyed the French and thus caused Napoleon to cancel invasion of Britain and in what year did it occur? | Battle of Trafalgar (1805) |
| In what battle did Napoleon defeat the Austrian army and gain more territory in the War of the Third Coalition and in what year did it occur? | Battle of Austerlitz (1805) |
| What treaty symbolized the height of Napoleon's military success after having cuased the Third Coalition to collapse and in what year did it occur? | Treaaty of Tilsit (1807) |
| Where did France adn Russia have face to face negotiations about the future of Prussia and Russia? | Niemen River |
| What were the Provisions of Russia and France's meeting on the Neimen River? | Prussia lost half its population, Russia accepted Napoleon's reorganization of western and central Europe, Russia agreed to accept Napoleon's Continental System |
| What was the name of the 15 German states and who was its "Protector"? | Confederation of the Rhine; Napoleon |
| Which of Napoleon's policies aimed to isolate Britain and promote Napoleon's mastery over Europe? | Continental System |
| Under the Continental System, what did not allow British ships in any European ports and in what year? | Berlin Decree (1806) |
| What in Napoleon's Continental System proclaimed any ship stopping in Britain would be seized when it entered the Continent and it what year? | Milan Decree (1807) |
| What led to the U.S. declaring War of Great Britain and what war did it lead to? | The Continental System led to the War of 1812 |
| What was the first great revolt against Napoleon's Power in Spain and in what years did it occur? | The Peninsular War (1808-1814) |
| What was was laid against France, aided by Britain and the Duke of Wellington? | Guerrilla War |
| In what war did Austria decalre wr against France but lost more territory and in what year did it occur? | War of Liberation (1809) |
| In what year of the Russian Compaign? | 1812 |
| What was the major battle of the Russian Campaign? | Battle of Borodino |
| What was the largest battle in Europe before World War One that was a major defeat for Napoleon? | Battle of Leipzig (Oct.1813) |
| In what did teh Austrian minister Metternich demand France return to historic border and still keep Napoleon in charge? | Frankfurt Proposals |
| What was the treaty ending Napoleon's expansionism campaign including the Russian Campaign? What year was it created and what group did it create? | Treaty of Chaumont (1814) created the Quadruple Alliance |
| What was retourned to throne after Napoleon abdicated in April, 1814? | The Bourbons Louis XVIII |
| What did Louis XVII create that made France a constitutional monarchy and a bicameral legislature? | Charter of 1814 |
| What year of the first Treaty of Paris signed? | 1814 |
| Give the dates of the Congress of Vienna | 1814-1815 |
| Who was the dominant conservative figure at the Congress of Vienna? | Klemens Von Metternich |
| What were the principals of Settlement of the Congress of Vienna? | Legitimacy, Compensation, Balance of Power |
| What is the period of time that Npoleon returns from exile and organizes a new army and give specific dates | "Hundred Days" March 20-June 22, 1815 |
| At what battle in 1815 was Napoleon defeated and by who? | Battle of Waterloo; Duke of Wellington |
| To where was Napoleon exiled after the Hundred Days? | St. Helena |
| What treaty dealt more harshly with France than its predecessor; large indemnity; some minor territories? | 2nd Treaty of Paris |
| What was the system in which city manufactureers took advantage of cheaper labor in the countryside? | Putting-out system/cottage industry |
| what is the liberalism of the French Revolution combined with the Industrial Revolution? | Dual revolution |
| what were state porvided monoplies? | chartered companies |
| in what did investors pool resources for a common purpose? | joint-stock companies) |
| What allowed for joint-stock companies in England? | repealing Bubble Act |
| What law in England allowed for limited liability in business? | Lowes Act |
| Who invented the fleying shuttle? | John Kay (1733) |
| Who invented the spinning jenny? | James Hargreaves (1764) |
| Who invented the water frame to improve thread spinning? | Arkwright in 1769 |
| Who combined the spinning jenny and water frame into the mule? | Crompton (1779) |
| Who invents the steam engine to power looms and the factory production of textiles? | Arkwright (1780) |
| Who invented the loom powered by horses, water or steam? | Cartwright (1784) |
| Who invented the cotton gin? | Whitney (1793) |
| Who invented steam pump that rids the mines of water seepage? | Thomas Savory (1698) and Thomas Newcomen (1705) |
| Who invented and pattented the first efficient steam engine? | Watt (1769) |
| Who developed the puddling furnace and refined pig iron? | Cort (1780s) |
| Who developed the canal system with the use of steam power? | Duke of Bridgewater |
| Who developed hard-surfaced roads? | McAdam |
| Who developed the first useful steamship, what was its name and what river dd it go up in what year? | Robert Fulton created the Clermont in 1807 which went up the Hudson river |
| What laws were due to English Parliament's fear of radicalism of French Revolution; made unions illegal; largely ignored by workers; repealed in 1824 | Combination Acts (1799) |
| Who gave the theoretical basis for absolutist states and wrote during the French civil wars? | Jean Bodin |
| Absolutism is derived from the belief in what? | divine right of kings |
| What are the years of absolutism and constiutionalism in western europe? | 1589-1715 |
| What is the most famous book by Thomas Hobbes? | Leviathan |
| According to who, the state of nature results in anarchy and the central drive in every man is power? | Thomas Hobbes |
| What was Thomas Hobbes famous quote about man in a state of nature? | "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short" |
| Thomas Hobbes most closely identified with what philosophe? | Voltaire |
| According to whom, the state of nature of humans is reasonable and well disposed by handicapped by lack of gov't? | John Locke |
| What is the most important work by John Locke? | Second Treatise of civil government |
| According to John Locke, what are humans natural rights? | life, liverty and property |
| What are the years of Cardinal Richelieu's service? | 1624-42 |
| Under who was the dictinoary to standardize the French language created? | Richelieu under Louis XIII |
| What are the dates of the reign of Louis XIV? | 1643-1715 |
| Louis XIV's famous quote? | L'etat, c'est moi |
| What developed the divine right theory of rule? | Bishop Jacques Bossuet |
| What country had the largest population of Europe, what was the population, and how much of Europe's total population did it account for? | France, 17 million, 20% |
| What revoked the Edict of Nantes? | Edict of Fontainbleu |
| Jean-Baptiste Colbert advocated mercantilism, but specifically... | bullionism |
| What minister of France wanted self-suffiency for France, and thus built road and canals, made gov't suppported monopolies and cracked down on guilds? | Jean-Baptiste Colbert |
| For how much of his reign was Louis XIV at war? | 2/3 |
| Who painted Rape of the Sabine Women? | Poussin |
| Who were the two great french dramatists? | Moliere et Racine |
| Give the dates of the War of Devolution | 1667-1668 |
| In the War of Devolution, Louis defeated who, but had to make peace with what three countries? | Defeated Spain, but had to make peace with England, Sweden, and the Dutch |
| What treaty ended the War of Devolution? | Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle |
| Who was a major factor in thwarting Louis XIV's expansion? | William of Orange |
| Give the dates of the Second Dutch War | 1672-78 |
| What treaty ended the Second Dutch War? | Peace of Nijmegan |
| In the peace of Nijmegan, France took what portion of land from Spain? | Franche-Comte |
| What did England, Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Sweden, Bavaria, Saxony, Dutch Republic and the Austrian Empire form in 1686? | League of Augsburg |
| Give the dates of the War of the League of Augsburg | 1688-1697 |
| In what treaty did Louis lose most of his conquests from the War of Devolution and the Second Dutch War? | Peace of Rijswick |
| What portion of land did Louis XIV keep in the Peace of Rijswick? | Strasbourg |
| Give the dates of the War of Spanish Succession | 1701-1713 |
| England, Dutch Republoic, HRE, Brandenburg, Portugal and Saboy formed what group in the War of Spanish Succession? | Grand Alliance |
| What Battle occured in 1704 during the War of Spanish Succession? | Battle of Blenheim |
| What teraty ended the War of Spanish Succession? | Treaty of Utrecht |
| Who was the biggest winner in the treaty of utrecht and what did they gain? | Britain; gained asiento from Spain, Gibralatar, and Minorce |
| In the Treaty of Utrecht, Belgium was given to what country? | Austria |
| Who was Louis' grandson to whom the entire Habsburg empire was supposed to be passed down to? | Philip of Anjoy |
| What two countries were acknowledged in the Treaty of Utrecht? | Sardinia (Savoy) and Prussia (Bradenburg) |
| What treaty marked the end of Spain as a Great Power and in what year was it signed? | Treaty of the Pyranees, 1659 |
| Who was the Spanish king who left to heir to the throne and thus began the War of Spanish Succession and what are the years of his reign? | Charles II (1665-1700) |
| Spain lost most of its possessions in what treaty? | Treaty of Utrecht (1713) |
| the Decline of Spain was exemplified in what book by whom? | Don Quixote by Miguel Cervantes (1605) |
| Which English King had a firm belief in the "Divine Right of Kings?" | James I |
| James I was not only the king of England, but also the king of ____ and son of _____. | Scotland; Mary queen of Scots |
| Who was James I's notorious, abominated Archbishops who imposed Cathlic-style ritual and dismayed the Puritans? | Archbishop Laud |
| When the Puritans demanded to end Archbishop Laud's control of the church, the king replied | "no bishop, no king" |
| What are the dates of the reign of Charles I | 1625-1649 |
| What was passed under Charles I, who sought to rule wihout Parliament and to control the Anglican Church and in what year was it passed? | Petition of Right (1628) |
| What are the four parts of the petition or rights? | no martial law in peacetime, Parliament has right to tax, habeas corpus, and no quartering |
| When was the "Long Parliament" reconvened, when was the last time it had met? | 1640, had not met since 1629 |
| Give the Dates of the English Civil War | 1642-1649 |
| What was the name of the group who supported the king in the English Civil War? | Cavaliers |
| What was the name of the Puritan group that opposed the king in the English Civil War and who was it led by? | Roundheads, led by Oliver Cromwell |
| What was the major battle of the English Civil War? | Battle of Nasby |
| Who assisted cromwell in the Battle of Nasby? | Scottish Army |
| What is the Name of the radical religious revolutionaries who appeared during the English Civil War and sought social and political reform? | Levellers |
| What was the group that was formed during the English Civil War that believed in each person's inner light, rejected church authoirty and were considered pacifists? | Quakers |
| What did the Rump Parliament do to stay in control of the country? | Pride's Purge; removed all non-Puritans and Presbyterians from Parliament |
| What is the period from 1649-1660 in which England was ruled without a king referred to as? | Interregnum |
| From what years during the interregnum was England a Commonwealth? | 1649-1653 |
| During what years of the Interregum was England the Protectorate | (1653-1659) |
| What are the years of the Restoration? | 1660-1688 |
| What royal family was returned to the throne in the Restoration and specifically what king took the throne? | Stuart Family, Charles II |
| What are the years of Charles II's reign? | 166--1685 |
| In what document did Charles II agree to abide by Parliament's demands? | Declaration of Breda |
| In what document did the Anglicans exclude Dissenters from politics? | The Clarendon Code |
| What document states that all officeholders must take communion in the Anglican Church and what year was it passed? | Test Act of 1673 |
| What document says that there can be no arbitrary arrest and people must have a sppedy trial? | Habeas Corpus Act (1679) |
| When Parlament was split and framented into 2 political parties, what group was the king's supporters, the nobles? | Tories |
| When Parlament was split and framented into 2 political parties, what group was the middle-class, merhcants, and high aristocracy? | Whigs |
| What country gained its independence in 1660 as a result of the restoration? | Scotland |
| What English kind sought to Catholicize England after the Restoration and was forced to abdicate? | James II |
| In what year did the Glorious Revolution take place? | 1688 |
| Who was put on the English throne in the Glorious Revolution, and by doing them was religion was secured in England? | William of Orange and Mary; protestantism |
| What document passed under William and Mary granted religious freedom except to Catholics, Jews, and Unitarians? | Act of Toleration |
| In what year was the Bill of Rights passed and under whose reign was it passed? | 1689; William and Mary |
| What document made England a constiutional monarchy? | Bill of Rights (1689) |
| What were the three most important elements of the British Constitution following the Bill of Rights in 1689? | Habeas corpus act, petition of right, and bill of rights |
| What book and by whome made the philosophical argument for the supremacy of parliament? | John Locke's Two Treatises on Civil Government |
| What was the law passed in 1701 that stated that only an Anglican could succeed to the throne? | Act of Settlement |
| Under whose reign in 1707 did the act that merged English and Scottish Parliaments into Great Britain occur and what was the name of the document? | Act of Union under Queen Anne |
| Under whose reign was the reoyal veto used for the last time? | Queen Anne |
