| A | B |
|---|
| isolation | keeping out of foreign affairs and halting further expansion of U.S borders |
| expansionism | belief by some people that the U.S. should bring much more of North and South America under U.S. control |
| William Seward | Secretary of State who bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million |
| King Kalakaua | Hawaiian who had close ties to the American sugar planters and a corrupt government |
| Queen Liliuokalani | former Hawaiian ruler who continued to hope that her country would regain its independence |
| McKinley Tariff | measure that took away the special advantage of Hawaiians by granting U.S. sugar producers a subsidy on sugar |
| subsidy | a government payment bonus |
| John Stevens | U.S. minister to Hawaii who ordered 159 Marines from an American warship in Honolulu Harbor |
| USS Maine | battleship sent to Cuba to protect U.S. citizens that exploded |
| Jose Marti | critic of Spanish rule in Cuba |
| reconcentrados | concentration camps |
| Valeriano Weyler | the Spanish governor-general who herded farmpeople into reconcentrados |
| juntas | committees established by Cuban revolutionaries in the U.S. to assist in the struggle for Cuban independence from Spain |
| William Randolph Hearst | publisher of the New York Journal who supported the idea of the U.S. entering a war with Spain on behalf of Cuba |
| Teller Amendment | proposals stating that the U.S. had no intention or taking Cuba for itself |
| Commodore George Dewey | had a naval squadron in Hong Kong |
| Theodore Roosevelt | Assistant Secretary of the Navy |
| Rough Riders | U.S. regiment made up of an odd assortment of soldiers led by Theodore Roosevelt |
| Admiral Pascual Cervera | Spanish commander; his fleet avoided U.S. navy by hiding in Santiago |
| El Caney & San Juan Hill | two areas where battles fought |
| imperialism | controlling overseas colonies by force |
| Anti-Imperialism League | organization formed by Americans opposed to U.S. colonization |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | exiled leader of the Filipino patriots |
| spheres of influence | regions where foreign countries control trade and natural resources |
| John Hay | Secretary of State |
| Boxer Rebellion | attack on foreigners in Beijing and other parts of China by Chinese nationalists |
| Open Door Policy | statement saying that all nations would have equal trade rights in China |
| Philippe Bunau-Varilla | led the Panamanians in a revolt against the Columbian government |
| Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty | agreement granting the U.S. a canal zone across Panama |
| Panama Canal | waterway linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans across Panama |
| Roosevelt Corollary | considered any European interference in nations in the Western Hemisphere a violation of the Monroe Doctrine |
| dollar diplomacy | trying to control nations in the Western Hemisphere by using economic methods rather than military force |
| Mexican Revolution | revolution against dictator Portirio Diaz |
| Portirio Diaz | dictator who had allowed foreign companies to take advantage of Mexico's resources |
| Francisco Madero | forced Portirio Diaz to resign |
| Victoriano Huerta | murdered Mexican President Francisco Madero and set up a military dictatorship |
| Venustiano Carranza | revolted against Victoriano Huerta |
| ABC Powers | Argentina, Brazil, and Chile |
| Pancho Villa | military commander of Carranza who rebelled against him |
| General John J. Pershing | tried to capture Pancho Villa |
