| A | B |
|---|
| Abduction | Transverse plane movement, when the foot rotates laterally (away from the midline) |
| Adduction | Transverse plane movement, when the footrotates medially (toward the midline) |
| Biomechanics of the foot | The relationship between the foot and leg when a person is in motion. |
| Bone | Hard substance that forms the framework of the body |
| Compensated | A change in the structural alignment or position of one part of the foot to neutralize the effect of a structural problem in another part of the foot |
| Compliance | The consistency and accuracy with which a patient follows the regiment prescribed by a clinician |
| Distal | Further from the heart |
| Dorsiflexion | Sagittal plane movement, when the foot moves upwards, towards the tibia |
| Dorsum surface | Top of the foot |
| Eversion | Frontal plane movement, when the foot twists outward and downward (sole away from the midline) |
| Extensor | Extends a joint and moves a limb away from the body (e.g. quadraceps0 |
| Fascia | A broad connective tissue band serving a stabilization and supportive function |
| Flexor | Flexes a joint and brings a limb closer to the body |
| Forefoot | 19 bones: 5 metatarsals and 5 toes each with 3 phlanges (except the big toe with only two) |
| Frontal Plane | Divides front and back |
| Gait | A manner of walking |
| Gait cycle | Heel strike to heel strike (toe off to toe off) of the same foot |
| Hypermobility | Motion in the part of the foot that should remain stable when stress is applied to it |
| Insertion | distal end of the muscle origin that attaches to bone that does move when the muscle contracts (distal0 |
| Inversion | Frontal plane movement, whe the foot twists inward and upward (sole toward midline) |
| Lateral | Away from the midline |
| Ligament | Fibrous tissue that holds organs of the body in place and fastens bones together |
| Medial | Toward the midline |
| Midfoot | (5 bones) 3 cunieforms (medial, middle & lateral): 1 cuboid (ariculates with 4th & 5th metatarsals); 1 navicular (articulates with medial, middle, lateral cunieforms) |
| Mobile adaptor | Pronated foot; allows walking on uneven terrain. Also known as "loose bag of bones" |
| Muscle | Tough, elastic tissue that allows body parts to move |
| Origin | Proximal end of a muscle attached to bone that doesn't move when the muscle contracts |
| Over-pronation | Excessive, prolonged pronation |
| Periosteum | Fibrous membrane covering bones, conveying the blood vessels and nerves supplying the bone |
| Plantarflexion | Sagittal plane movement, when the foot moves downwards, away from the front of the tibia |
| Plantar surface | Bottom of the foot |
| Pronated | An adjective which describes the position (abducted, dorsiflexed, everted) of the foot relative to the neutral position |
| Pronation | Tri-plane motion (eversion, dorsiflexiion and abduction) that acts as a mobile adaptor or loose bag of bones (measured in degrees of eversion) |
| Proximal | Closer to the heart |
| Rearfoot | (hindfoot): (2 bones) Talus (sits above the heel & articulates the navicular, moves medially); Calcaneus (articulates with cuboid and moves laterally) |
| Rigid lever | Supinated foot; locked midtarsal joint allows effective, efficient propulsion |
| Sagittal plane | Divides left and right |
| Skeletal muscle | Holds the bones of the skeleton together and allows the body to move |
| Supinated | An adjective which describes the position (adducted, plantarflexed, inverted) of the foot relative to the neutral position |
| Supination | Tri-plane motion (inversion, plantarflexion and adduction) that acts as a rigid lever (measured in degrees of inversion) |
| Tendon | Tough, flexible connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscles to bones |
| Transverse plane | Divides top and bottom |
| Valgus | Fixed structural position in which the foot (or part of the foot) appears everted in the frontal plane |
| Varus | Fixed structural position in which the foot (or part of the foot) appears inverted in the frontal plane |
