| A | B |
|---|
| plateau | an elevated area of flat land |
| plain | a broad area of flat, open land |
| city-state | city that acts like a country |
| administrator | a manager; someone in charge |
| artisan | a worker who is skilled in making a particular product by hand |
| Mesopotamia | ”Land between Two Rivers” |
| Tigris River | body of water that flows southeast from the mountains to the Persian Gulf |
| Euphrates River | body of water that flows southeast to the Persian Gulf from the mountains |
| Sumer | ancient region in the southern part of Mesopotamia that was the first civilization |
| Sumerians | first important group of people to live in the Mesopotamian region |
| fertile crescent | area of rich farmland between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers |
| irrigation systems | canals that brought water from rivers to fields |
| civilization | people that have reached advanced stages in social development |
| priest | servants to gods |
| religion | way of believing and praying to gods |
| mud brick | material used to build houses and cities |
| archeologist | scientist who studies people, customs, and life of ancient times |
| wheel | round disk turning on a center axle |
| trade | process of buying, selling, or exchanging goods |
| craftsmen | people skilled in a special trade or art |
| bulla | round clay container used for record keeping |
| plow | tool used for turning soil over and cutting furrows |
| furrows | long grooves cut into the earth with a plow |
| sailboat | something invented by the Sumerians to transport goods quicker |
| bronze | dark yellow-brown alloy of copper and tin used for tools and weapons |
| board games | type of detailed entertainment that were well-designed by the Sumerians |
| building projects | activity that used stone, wood, metal needed to make temples, storage, etc |
| barter | trading goods for goods |
| Ur | world’s first city located in Sumer |
| Kish | world’s second city located in Sumer |
| Persian Gulf | body of water the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers empty |
