| A | B |
|---|
| are the cells smallest components | atoms |
| atoms are all ___________ in an element | alike |
| what charge do protons have? | positive |
| what charge do neutrons have? | none |
| what charge do electrons have? | negative |
| chemical behavior is determined by_________ | electrons |
| Electrons close to nucleus have _______ energy | less |
| ________ chemically react to form compounds | atoms |
| what is a compound? | a group of atoms held together by chemical bonds |
| this bond shares electrons | covalent |
| ________ forms molecules | compounds |
| most compounds in body have this kind of bond | covalent |
| carbon has _____ electrons in outer shell | four |
| _______________ are essential rolls in biological functions | free ions |
| Atoms gain or lose ___________ to form ion | electrons |
| ____________ bonds form betweeen atoms of opposite charge | ionic |
| weak chemical bonds are_________ | hydrogen bonds |
| molecules with unequal areas of charge are _________ molecules | polar |
| these molecules make up two thirds the molecules in our body | water |
| water stores _________ | heat |
| is water polar? | yes |
| is water cohesive or adhesive? | both. water clings to itself and it has and attraction to other things polar. |
| how does water ionize? | the covalent bond breaks and it is left H+ and HO- |
| _________is a powerful solvent | water |
| Solvent +_________= Solution | solute |
| ___________ occurs due to water's polarity | dissolving |
| non polar molecules will not ___________ | dissolve |
| ________ is a compound forming hydrogen ions in water | acid |
| ___________ is a compound forming hydroxide ions in water | base |
| acid has numbers ______-______ on the pH scale | 0-7 |
| Base has numbers_______-________ on the pH scale | 7-14 |
| macromolecules are............. | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
| carbohydrates are composed ________ | C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio |
| what are the building blocks of lipids? | glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
| many hormones are ___________ | steriods |
| _________ are the building blocks of proteins | amino acids |
| long chains of AA are called | polypeptides |
| what are the 2 kinds of nucleic acids? | DNA and RNA |
| what is the cells fuel? | ATP |
| what does it consist of? | 1) organic base 2) sugar (ribose) 3) 3 phosphate groups |
