| A | B |
|---|
| macromolecules | built from small oraganic compounds |
| carbohydrates | used to store energy and give support |
| lipids | store energy and are a Component of Cell Membranes |
| proteins | make up structural functions; long chains of AA are are called polypeptides |
| nucleic acids | contain the cell's hereditary information |
| saturated fats | have mamimum # of hydrogens |
| unsaturated fats | have double bonds and therefore fewer hydrogens |
| enzymes | controll chemical reactions of metabolism without being destroyed |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; stores hereditary information |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid; play a role in making proteins |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate; the cell's fuel |
| Atoms | cell's smallest components |
| nucleus | very dense core of an atom |
| protons | positive ions in the nucleus |
| neutrons | neutral ions in the nucleus |
| electrons | negative ions that spin around the nucleus |
| ions | enequal numbers of protons and electrons |
| compound | two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds |
| covalent bonds | share electrons,strong and directional |
| ionic bonds | forms between atoms of opposite charge,break apart in water |
| hydrogen bonds | weak chemical bonds,link molecules rather than atoms |
| molecules | combined compounds |
| polar molecules | molecules with unequal areas of charge |
| water | stores heat, is cohesive, is adhesive, ionics, is a powerful solvent |
| solution | solvent+solute |
| non polar molecules | won't disolve; they are repelled by water; biologically they determine the shape of proteins and structures of cell membranes |
| acid | a compound forming positive ions in water |
| base | compound forming negative ions in water |
| Robert Hooke | first observed cells in 1665 and named them "cells" |
| Van Leeuwenhoek | saw tiny protists in a drop of water |
| Schleiden | saw cells in all parts of plants |
| Schwann | made same claim as Schleiden about animals |
| Virchow | said cells come from other cells |
| cell theory | all living things are composed of one or more cells; in organisms, cells are the basic units of struture and function; cells are produced only from existing cells |
| cell/plasma membrane | separates cell from it's environment; regulates what goes in and out of the cell |
| ribosome | proteins made in cell membrane |
| prokaryotic cells | lack internal membrane-bound compartments |
| eukaryotic cells | all living cells that are not bacteria |
| organelles | membrane-bound compartments |
| multicellularity | enabled cells to specialize |
