| A | B |
|---|
| fertilization | the process of adding fertilizer, or plant |
| delta | an area of sediment deposited at the mouth of |
| papyrus | a tough water plant used to make paper and |
| nomad | a person who moves from place to place with |
| vegetation | the plants of a place or region |
| topography | the surface features of a place or region, such as mountains |
| New Kingdom | 1600 to 1100 BCE; Golden Age; known for peace and stability |
| Middle Kingdom | 2000 to 1800 BCE; Period of Reunification; known for |
| Old Kingdom | 2700 to 2200 BCE; Age of Pyramids; known for strong central |
| pharaoh | an Egyptian leader |
| pyramid | a huge, triangular-shaped monument of ancient Egypt built |
| Senusret I | Middle Kingdom ruler; unified Egypt; craftspeople thrived |
| Khufu | Old Kingdom ruler; builder of the Great Pyramid |
| Hatshepsut | New Kingdom ruler; first female pharaoh; known for |
| Ramses II | New Kingdom ruler; known as military ruler and monument |
| famine | a severe shortage of food |
| alliance | an agreement between nations to work together for common interests |
| embalm | to treat a dead body with preservatives to prevent if from decaying |
| sarcophagus | a large stone coffin |
| hieroglyph | a symbol used in hieroglyphics, a system of writing developed in about 3000 BCE |
| census | an official count of the population or number of people living in an area |
| social pyramid | the structure of Egyptian society, with different social |
| vizier | a high-ranking government official |
| artisan | a craftsperson |
| peasant | a person who does farmwork for wealthy landowners |
| dynasty | a family or group that rules for several generations |
| kandake | a powerful female leader who co-ruled Kush with her husband and sons |
| treaty | a written agreement by which two or more states agree to be peaceful |
