| A | B |
|---|
| arch | print pattern with ridge lines that enter on one side and flow out the other side |
| iodine fuming | using iodine vapors to visualize latent prints on porous surfaces |
| latent fingerprint | invisible print made by deposition of oils and/or perspiration |
| loop | print pattern that enters from one side and curves around to exit from the same side |
| ninhydrin | visualizes latent prints by reacting with amino acids in perspiration |
| plastic print | ridge impressions left on a soft material |
| portrait parle | verbal description of perpetrator's physical characteristics |
| ridge characteristics | identifiable marks that must match in two fingerprints to establish common origin |
| sublimation | physical change directly from solid to gaseous state |
| super glue fuming | chemical reagent used to visualize latent prints on porous surfaces |
| visible print | ridge impressions left when finger have been in contact with a colored material |
| whorl | print pattern with rounded or circular ridges and two deltas |
| fingerprints | identifiable ridge patterns formed by dermal papillae of skin |
| Bertillon | developed first systematic attempt at personal identification |
| Galton | suggested fingerprints to back up Bertillon system he did extensive research and text book "Finger Prints" |
| Henry | developed fingerprint classification system used by Scotland Yard |
| bifurcation minutia | point where one ridge divides forming two ridges |
| ridge ending minutia | point where a ridge stops |
| enclosure | point where a ridge divides forming two ridges and then rejoins reforming single ridge |
| biological function of fingerprints | provide a firmer grasp and a resistance to slippage |
| epidermis | outermost layer of human skin |
| dermis | inner layer of skin contains sweat glands, oil glands, and nerve endings |
| dermal papillae | boundary between dermis and epidermis responsible for fingerprints |
| most common print pattern | loops |
| least common print pattern | arches |
| ulnar loop | open side of print pattern is towards the little (pinky) finger |
| radial loop | open side of print pattern is towards the thumb |
| type line | the two divergent ridges that surround a fingerprint pattern |
| delta | ridge point nearest to the type line divergence |
| core | approximate center of any fingerprint pattern |
| plain whorl | whorl pattern with core appearing like a "bulls eye" |
| central pocket whorl | whorl pattern with a core appearing like a "spiral" |
| double loop whorl | whorl pattern formed by two interconnected "ying-yang" loops |
| plain arch | simple gentle curving wavelike pattern entering one side and leaving from other side |
| tented arch | sharply rising wavelike pattern with a central "spike" |
| AFIS | automated fingerprint identification systems classify fingerprints by digitalizing minutiae positions |
