| A | B |
|---|
| buffalo | animal essential to the lifestyle of Plains Indians |
| California Gold Rush | event that began the settlement of much of the Pacific coast |
| cattle drives | ranchers driving their herds to railroad junctions |
| Chisolme Trail | route of a famous cattle drive |
| Union Pacific and Central Pacific | railroads that met up to form a transcontinental line |
| Homestead Act | law which promised a grant of land to those who settled the Great Plains |
| George Custer | general who lost the Battle of Little Big Horn to the Sioux |
| Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull | Sioux leaders who defeated Custer |
| Chief Joseph | Nez Perce leader who surrendered |
| Dawes Severalty Act | law that tried to encourage private land ownership and farming among Native Americans |
| Grange | organization founded by Oliver Kelley in which farmers protested |
| Second Great Removal | relocation of Native Americans out of desirable farmland on the Great Plains |
| Interstate Commerce Act | law regulating railroad rates and other trade across state lines |
| People's Party | political party growing out of the Populist Movement |
| Alexander Graham Bell | inventor of the telephone |
| Thomas Alva Edison | inventor of the lightbulb and the phonograph |
| Captains of Industry | Flattering term for Robber Barons |
| Andrew Carnegie | steel tycoon and philanthropist |
| John D. Rockefeller | man who created a monopoly of Standard Oil |
| Gilded Age | period when Robber Barons made their money |
| Horatio Alger | novelist who wrote rags-to-riches stories |
| Social Darwinism | belief that poor people are unfit and should not be helped |
| Women's Christian Temperance Union | anti-drink crusading group |
| Gospel of Wealth | belief that wealth resulted from virtue and poverty from sin |
| new immigrants | people from southern and eastern Europe |
| old immigrants | people from northern and western Europe |
| sweatshops | places where people worked for low wages under poor conditions |
| child labor | a necessary source of income for poor city families |
| Pullman strikes | work stoppages at railroad car factories |
| Knights of Labor | workers' organization formed to foster cooperation between management and labor |
| Haymarket Riot | protest of McCormick Reaper workers in Chicago |
| American Federation of Labor (AFL) | organization of skilled workers, prepared to support strikes if necessary |
| Eugene V. Debs | railroad union organizer active in the Pullman Strikes |
| Samuel Gompers | founder of the AFL |
| public education | means of teaching children of immigrants to be good workers |
| Jane Addams | founder of Hull House |
| Hull House | settlement house in Chicago |
| settlement houses | inner-city houses where middle class reformers lived |
| Henry George | writer who said "Go West, young man" |
| Seneca Fall | site of early women's rights convention |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony | early women's suffrage advocates |
| National American Women's Suffrage Association | movement to give women the right to vote |
| Reconstruction | northern attempt to rebuilt the South |
| 13th Amendment | Constsitutional amendment ending slavery |
| Frederick Douglass | former slave who wanted blacks to demand their rights |
| grandfather clauses | rules saying that a man could vote if his grandfather had voted |
| literacy tests | tests designed to exclude blacks from voting |
| Jim Crow | segregation laws |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | law which limited immigration of certain ethnic groups |
| sharecropping | system in which a farmer gets land and seed and pays with a share of his crop |
| Plessy vs Ferguson | Supreme Court decision which upheld separate but equal |
| separate but equal | doctrine that said segregation was allowed if facilities were similar |
| Booker T. Washington | African American who headed the Tuskegee Institute |
| W. E. B. DuBois | African-American who believed that black leaders should have the chance for a superior education |
| NAACP | organization founded by DuBois (and others) |
| James B. Weaver | Populist candidate for President in 1892 |
| Ignatius Donnelly | author of Populist Party platform in 1892 |
| William Jennings Bryan | author of the "Cross of Gold" speech |
| William McKinley | Republican who beat William Jennings Bryan (twice) |
| Mark Hanna | political organizer who ran McKinley's campaign |
| income tax | important part of Populist platform |
| Tammany Hall | political machine in New York City |
| Manifest Destiny | idea that Americans were destined to take over the world |
| Henry Cabot Lodge | politician who supported US intervention in Cuba |
| Pulitzer and Hearst | owners of influential newspapers |
| General Weyler | The "Butcher" sent to Cuba by Spain |
| De Lome | Spanish minister whose private comments about the president of the United States were published |
| The Maine | American ship that exploded in Havana harbor |
| Rough Riders | Theodore Roosevelt's troops at San Juan Hill |
| William Howard Taft | U.S. governor of the Philippines, later U.S. president |
| Western Pacific | location of U.S. trade routes to China and Japan |
