| A | B |
|---|
| mass production | The manufacturing of products on a large scale, usually through the use of machines. |
| Mazzini, Guiseppe | (1805-1872), Nationalistic leader in Italy, who started a group called Young Italy in 1831. Young Italy was a nationalistic movement that wanted to end foreign control of Italy. |
| Meiji | (1852-1912) Emperor of Japan from 1867 to 1912. He was responsible for the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the rapid modernization and industrialization of Japan. |
| Meiji Restoration | The restoration of the Emperor Meiji to power in Japan, overthrowing the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868. |
| merchant | A person who sells goods or services. A member of the middle class in most societies. |
| middle class | Social and economic class usually composed of merchants, artisans, and business people. In some societies, the richest class, but without a title of nobility. The middle class is usually the backbone of society as they are generally more moderate in their economic, social, and political habits. |
| Middle East | Geo-Political designation of the area stretching from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the western side of the Indian subcontinent. Consists of countries such as Israel, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt. |
| military | The armed forces of a nation. |
| missionary | A person who spreads the teachings of a religion. |
| Model Parliament | (1295) English Parliament where bishops and abbots, peers, two knights from each shire, and two representatives from each town all met in modern format for the first time. |
| modernization | To change something to make it conform to modern standards |
| monarchy | A political system in which a country is ruled by a monarch |
| Muslim League | Nationalist movement in India by the Islamic population who did not feel represented by the Indian National Congress. They initially formed to protexct Muslim rights, but later called for an independent state. |
| Mussolini, Benito | (1883-1945) Italian leader. He founded the Italian Fascist Party, and sided with Hitler and Germany in World War II. In 1945 he was overthrown and assassinated by the Italian Resistance. |
| NAFTA | North American Free Trade Agreement, an economic treaty between Canada, the United States, and Mexico to lower tariffs and create a free trade environment. NAFTA was ratified by its member nations in 1994. |
| National Assembly | First new government during the first stage of the French Revolution. |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization, an international defense alliance between the United States, Great Britain, and others formed in 1949 as a response to the spread of communism. |
| navigable rivers | A river that is able to be navigated by boat. |
| Neolithic Age | (10,000 BCE - 5000 BCE) New Stone Age. A period of time in human history characterized by the development of agriculture and permanent settlements. |
| Neolithic Revolution | (10,000 - 8,000 BCE) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization. |
