| A | B |
|---|
| New Economic Policy | An economic policy of Vladimir Lenin’s in the Soviet Union where government controlled most banks and industry, but did allow some private ownership. |
| Newton, Isaac | (1642-1727) English scientist who discovered gravitation, invented calculus, and formulated the laws of motion. |
| nuclear weapons | Weapons in which the explosive potential is controlled by nuclear fission or fusion. |
| occupation (military) | The control of one country by another through the stationing of military troops and military government |
| Old Imperialism | A European policy of conquest that occurs in the 15th through 18th centuries in Africa, India, the Americas, and parts of Asia The motives were the same for most areas, the establishment of lucrative trade routes. Various European countries dominated these trades routes and one time or another, and a some countries, such as Great Britain and Spain, came to dominate entire countries. |
| OPEC | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, an international organization concerned with the crude-oil policies of its member states. This organization was founded in 1960, and has 11 members, including Kuwait, Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Indonesia, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. Due to their control of most of the world’s oil supply, OPEC has a strong influence on many industrialized nations. |
| Osama bin Laden | (1957- ) Saudi Arabian multimillionaire and leader of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda. He is responsible for numerous terrorist attacks on the United States including the destruction of the World Trade Center. |
| Ottoman Empire | Hereditary nation state centered in Turkey. It was founded in the late 13th century after the collapse of the Byzantine Empire and extended across most of Asia Minor and the Middle East. The Ottoman Empire collapsed shortly after World War II. |
| Pacific Rim | The countries that border the Pacific Ocean, specifically, the countries of East Asia, considered as an economic unit. |
| Pahlavi, Muhammad Reza : | (1919-1980), Dictator ruler of Iran from 1941 to 1979. He was supported by the United States throughout most of the Cold War due to his anti communist stance. Overthrown during the Iranian Revolution in 1979. |
| Paleolithic Age | (750,000 BCE - 10,000 B.C.E.) Old Stone Age. A period of time in human history characterized by the use of stone tools and the use of hunting and gathering as a food source. |
| Pan Africanism | Nationalistic movement which emphasized the unity of all Africans, and sought to end foreign control. |
| Pan Slavism | Nationalistic movement which emphasized the unity of all Slavic peoples, and sought to end foreign control of various Slavic nations. |
| parliament | A government's legislative body. |
| partnership | The cooperative relationship between two or more people who are involved in the same activity. |
| philosophy | A system of thought devoted to the examination of ideas such as truth, existence, reality, causality, religion, and freedom |
| political ideologies | An organized system of political beliefs, values, and ideas. |
| political rights | Rights such as voting, and the ability to hold public office. |
| Pope | Leader of the Roman Catholic Church. Chosen by the College of Cardinals. |
| predestination | The idea of Calvinist Protestants that certain people were pre-selected to go to heaven. |
