| A | B |
|---|
| a shape of the land, such as a mountain, plain, or plateau | landform |
| a mountain formed by hardened lava with an opening through which lava, ashes, rocks, and other materials may come out | volcano |
| hot, melted rock that lies deep inside the earth | magma |
| magma that reaches the earth's surface | lava |
| landform that rises at least 1,969 ft. above the land around them | mountains |
| flatland, but often have small hills with few trees | plains |
| an area of flat land that is higher than the land around them, but is flat on the surface | plateaus |
| scientists who study the structure and layers of the earth | geologist |
| top layer of the earth | crust |
| middle layer of the earth - it is about 1,800 miles thick | mantle |
| center of the earth | core |
| makes up 3/4 of the earth's surface | water |
| dormant volcano | a volcano that is resting/sleeping - it could possibly erupt again |
| a bowl-shaped opening at the top of the volcano | crater |
| magma moves through this pipe-like crack to the earth's surface | vent |
| erupt from the volcano | gases, pieces of rock, ashes, and steam |
| the shaking of the ground caused by rock movement along a fault | earthquake |
| a crack in the earth's crust along which rocks move - faults can move up, down, and sideways | fault |
| famous fault in the U.S. (California) where there have been several major earthquakes | San Andreas Fault |
| large sections of rocks that make up the top layer of the earth's crust | plates |
| measures the strength of earthquakes - 8 or above is a major quake | Richter Scale |
| a volcano that is erupting | active volcano |
| a volcano that can no longer erupt | extinct volcano |
| the breaking and changing of rocks | weathering |
| the moving of weathered rocks and soil by wind, water, or ice | erosion |
| a pile of sand formed by the wind | dune |
| large areas of ice that can move across the land and rocks and soil move with them and in front of them | glacier |
| sand and other tiny particles | sediments |
| vegetation is trampled causing the roots to break up and expose the soil. Vegetation is trampled by hikers, bikers, horseback riders, walkers, and ATV's (4 wheelers) | recreational disturbance |
