| A | B |
|---|
| erosion | The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves fragments of rock and soil. |
| sediment | Small, solid particles of material from rocks or organisms which are moved by water or wind, resulting in erosion and deposition. |
| deposition | The process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind that is carrying it, and is deposited in a new location. |
| Weathering, erosion, and deposition act together in a cycle that | wears down and builds up Earth’s surface. |
| Gravity is the force that | moves rock and other materials downhill. |
| mass movement | Any one of several processes by which gravity moves sediment downhill |
| The different types of mass movement include | landslides, mudslides, slump, and creep. |
| Moving water is the major agent of | erosion that has shaped Earth’s land surface. |
| runoff | Water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground. |
| rill | A tiny groove in soil made by flowing water. |
| gully | A large channel in soil formed by erosion. |
| stream | A channel through which water is continually flowing downhill. |
| river | A large stream. |
| tributary | A stream that flows into a larger stream. |
| drainage basin | The land area from which a river and its tributaries collect their water. |
| divide | A ridge of land that separates one drainage basin or watershed from another. |
| Through erosion, a river creates | valleys, waterfalls, flood plains, meanders, and oxbow lakes. |
| flood plain | A broad, flat valley through which a river flows. |
| meander | A looping curve formed in a river as it winds through its flood plain. |
| oxbow lake | The crescent-shaped, cutoff body of water that remains after a river carves a new channel. |
| Deposition creates landforms such as | alluvial fans and deltas. It can also add soil to a river’s flood plain. |
| alluvial fans | A wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range. |
| delta | A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake. |
| groundwater | Water that fills the cracks and pores in underground soil and rock layers. |
| stalactite | A calcite deposit that hangs from the roof of a cave. |
| stalagmite | A cone-shaped calcite deposit that builds up from the floor of a cave. |
| karst topography | A type of landscape in rainy regions where there is limestone near the surface, characterized by caverns, sinkholes, and valleys. |
