| A | B |
|---|
| Imperialism | The complete control of a weaker nation’s social, economic, and political life by a stronger nation. |
| Inca | A Mesoamerican civilization of South America, centered in Peru. The Inca ruled a large empire and had many cultural and scientific achievements including an elaborate road system, architecture, and terrace farming. The arrival of the Spanish Conquistadores ended their empire in the 15th century. |
| Industrial Revolution | In the second half of the 19th century, it was the fundamental change in the way goods were produced through the use of machines, capital, and the centralization of work forces in factories. It completely altered the social, economic, and political structure of most of Europe, Japan, and the United States. |
| inflation | The raising of prices on consumer goods due to an increase in the money supply. |
| insurance | Financial protection on property or people against loss, theft, or death. |
| interdependence | Mutual assistance or reliance between two or more parties. |
| International Monetary Fund | An international organization established to promote monetary cooperation, exchange stability, and economic growth. The IMF also works to lower unemployment and help countries in debt manage their finances. |
| irrigation | A system to bring water to support crops. |
| Islam | The word Islam, which when translated from Arabic, means "to submit to the will of Allah," is the youngest of the world's major religions. Worshippers of this monotheistic religion are known as Muslims, which means "one who submits to the will of Allah." The Islamic holy book is called the Qur’an. Islam is currently the second most practiced religion in the world, and experts predict that it will overtake Christianity as the most popular religion in the world sometime during the 21st century. |
| joint stock company | A company that sells shares to investors who share in the profits and losses. |
| Laissez-Faire Economics | This was an economic philosophy begun by Adam Smith in his book, Wealth of Nations, that stated that business and the economy would run best with no interference from the government. This economic system dominated most of the Industrial Revolution. |
| Latin America | The Geopolitical designation for Central and South America and the Caribbean Islands which were settled by the Spanish. |
| Latin American Revolutions | Political revolutions in various Latin American countries beginning in the late 18th century. These revolutions were aimed at overthrowing the European powers that controlled these nations. Many were successful, but few achieved the success of the American Revolution. |
| legislative | Relating to a system that makes laws. |
| Lenin, Vladimir | (1870-1924) Russian revolutionary leader and political theorist. He was the first leader of the new communist government of Soviet Russia. Later, he was also the first leader of the Soviet Union, which was composed of most of the republics of the former Russian Empire. |
| Long March | March the Mao Zedong and his Communist Party underwent to avoid being captured and killed by China’s Nationalist Party. |
| Louis XVI | (1754-1793) King of France between 1774 and 1792. He was overthrown during the French Revolution and later beheaded. |
| Mali | One of the west African Trading Kingdoms. They were rich in gold and established a vast trading network across the Sahara desert. Greatest ruler was Mansa Musa, who converted to Islam and made a famous pilgrimage. |
| manorialism | Economic portion of feudalism where all aspects of life were centered on the lord’s manor including peasant villages, a church, farm land, a mill, and the lord's castle or manor house. |
| market economy | An economy based on free trade and supply and demand. |
