| A | B |
|---|
| stem cell | none |
| Pre-B cell | cytoplasmic mu heavy chain and pre-B receptor |
| Immature B cell | Membrane IgM |
| Mature B cell | Membrane IgM, IgD |
| Activated B cell | Low rate Ig secretion; heavy chain isotype switching; affinity maturation |
| Antibody secreting cell | High rate Ig secretion; reduced membrane Ig |
| IgA | Mucosal Immunity |
| IgD | Naive B cell antigen receptor |
| IgE | Defense against helminthic paracites, immediate hypersensitivity |
| IgG | Opponization of complement activation, anti-body dep. cell mediated cytotoxicity, neonatal immunity, feedbk inhib. of B cells |
| IgM | Naive B cell antigen receptor, complement activation |
| three CDRs in Vh and three CDRs in Vl | Immunoglobulin (Ig) |
| Binds macromolecules and small chemicals | Immunoglobulin (Ig) |
| Made up of three CDRs in V-alpha and three CDRs in V-beta | T cell receptor (TCR) |
| Binds peptide-MHC complexes | T cell receptor (TCR) |
| Peptide-binding cleft made of alpha-1 and alpha-2 (class I) or alpha-1 and beta-1 (class II) | MHC molecules |
| Binds peptides | MHC molecules |
| two layers of beta-pleated sheet, held together with disulfide bonds | Ig domain |
| constant regions of the heavy chain that mediate effector functions | carboxy-terminal constant (C) regions of antibody heavy and light chains |
| variable regions that participate in antigen recognition | amino-terminal variable (V) regions of antibody heavy and light chains |
| ALLOTOPE | Polymorphisms within conserved Ig amino acid sequences |
| ALLOTYPE | Protein product of a distinct allelic form of an Ig gene. |
| DETERMINANT | epitope |
| HLAs | human leukocyte antigens; MHCs on human cells |
| epitope | specific portion of an antigen to which antibody binds |
| specific portion of an antigen to which antibody binds | determinant |
| F(ab')2 | retains bivalent antigen binding; cannot bind complement or IgG Fc; used in research when antigen binding is desired w/o antibody effector functions |
| Fab | retains monovalent antigen binding; cannot bind complement or IgG Fc; used in research when antigen binding is desired w/o activation of effector functions |
| Fc | proteolytic fragment of Ig containing only the s-s c-terminal regions of the two heavy chains |
| Fc receptor | receptor for c-terminal constant region of Ig |
| MHC I | membrane protein; binds peptide fragments from phagocytosed antigens transports to peripheral lymph nodes, & diplays it on APC surfaces for naive T cell |
| MHC II | membrane protein that binds peptide fragment from an antigen (usually from the cytoplasm) transports, & displays , on APC surfaces for naive T cell |
| ADCC | NK targets Ig coated cells for lysis; Fc(gamma)RIII |
| antiserum | serum from a person previously immunized against an antigen that contains antibody specific for that antigen |
| affinity maturation | somatic mutation of Ig genes in germinal centers of lymph nodes; leads to increased affinity of antibody for an antigen; concurrent w/humoral response |
| allergen | antigen that induces IgE antibody response in atopic persons; antigen that ellicits allergic response |
| hinge region | flexible regions spanning 10-60 aa between Ch1 and 2 in some Ig molecules; permits Ig movement/rotation/adjustment |
| CDRs (complementarity determining region) | the antigen-binding surface formed when the 3 respective hypervariable regions of the VL and Vh domains are brought together |
| hypervariable segments | 3 protruding loops connecting adjacent strands of beta-sheets that make up V-domains of Ig heavy and light chain proteins. |
| Kabat-Wu plot | histogram depitcting extent of variablity (as # of different aa residues) among Ig light chains |
| BiP, calnexin | nacent Ig chaperones |
| an antibody specific for one antigen, produced by a hybridoma; used in research and diagnosis | monoclonal antibody |
| M-cells | pecialized epithelial cells on Peyer's patches in the gut that help deliver antigens to Peyer |
| polyvalence | presence of multiple identical copies of an epitope on a single antigen; ex. bacterial capsular polysaccharides; often able to activate B-cells w/o T-helper cells |
| Poly-Ig recpetor | Fc receptor expressed by mucosal epithelial cells that mediates the transport of IgA and IgM through epithelium into intestinal lumen |
| Polyclonal activators | agents capable of activating many clones of lymphocytes, regardless of their specificity; (eg; anti-IgM antibodies for B cells, anti-CD3 abs, bacterial superantigens, PHA for T-cells |
| IL-1 | pyrogen - mediator of acute phase response;activates IL-6 IL-2R IL-8 adhesion molecules |
| IL-2 | T cell proliferation (mainly CD4 in autocrine manner) activates IFN-gamma IL-6 NK cell growth |
| IL-3 | expansion of bone marrow progenitor cells |
| IL-4 | inhibits other inflammatory cytokines IgE isotype switching MHC II in B cells TH0-->TH2 |
| IL-5 | increases eosinophils B cell growth and differentiation IgE production (with IL-4) |
| IL-6 | mediatory of acute phase response activates B cell growth and differentiation increased by TNF & IL-1 |
| IL-7 | increases IL-2 IL-2R |
| IL-8 | chemoattractant and activator of neutrophils |
| IL-9 | increases IL-6 from eosinophils |
| IL-10 | inhibits other inflammatory cytokines suppresses TH1 response inhibits IL-17 actions |
| IL-11 | increases IL-4 inhibits IFN-γ |
| IL-12 | increases IFN-γ major initator of TH1 response decreases TNF increases B cells and MHC II expression |
| IL-13 | inhibits inflammatory cytokines increases B cell growth |
| IL-14 | proliferation of ACTIVE B cells |
| IL-15 | T cell proliferation activation of NKs B cells and essential for prolonged inflammation; maintains MEMORY cells |
| IL-16 | chemotaxis of CD4+ T cells and eosinophils |
| IL-17 | maintains inflammation increases IL-6 |
| IL-18 | increases IFN-gamma T cell proliferation activates NK cells |
| IL-23 | similar to IL-12 but has actions on memory T cells and IL-12 |
| TNF-α | pyrogen;leading to inflammation causes release of IL-1 IL-6 and IL-8 from MΦ |
| TNF-β | not inflammatory;maintains architecture of secondary lymphoid organs |
| IFN-γ | activates mononuclear phag. increases MHC I II increased CAMs activates NK cells and neutrophils increases IL-12R on TH1s |
| IFN-α | all cells: initiates antiviral state increases MHC I expression |
| IFN-β | NK cells: activation |
| GM-CSF | increases production of granulocytes and monocytes in marrow |
| G-CSF | increases production of granulocytes especially neutrophils |
| M-CSF | acts locally to turn precursor cells into monocytes |
| TGF-α | activates epithelial and mesenchymal growth |
| TGF-β | has both activation and inhibitory effects --> inhibits T cell growth CTL activation and macrophage activation |
| TH1 cells | (IL-2 TNF IFN-γ) -activated by DC --> (DTH & CMI)activates mΦ increases Ag presentation and Fc receptor expression |
| TH2 cells | (IL-3 IL-4 IL-5 IL-10 IL13) - activated by DC --> mediates humoral responses and allergies via IgE |
| Zeta-potential | net- charge on RBC due to sialic acid residues |
| Increased-sed-rate | acute inflammatory response (fibrinogen) |
| Net-positive-charge | ”fibrinogen |
| Increased-sed-rate | increased immunoglobulin synthesis |
| →AP-1 | MAP KINASES |
| →MAP-KINASES | ”Ras-GTP |
| PLCγ1-activation | →incr. Ca+2 |
| →incr.Ca+2 | →calcineurin |
| →calcineurin | →NFAT |
| PLCγ1-activation | →DAG |
| →DAG | →PKC |
| →PKC | NF-κB |
| Cyclosporine-blocks | NF-AT activation |
| Steroids-inhibit | NF-κB and AP-1(Fos/Jun) |
| NF-AT | transcription factor req. for IL-2 gene |
| NF-κB | transcription factor req. for IL-2 gene |
| AP-1(Fos/Jun) | transcription factor req. for IL-2 gene |
| c-myc | gene req. for T cell activation |
| CD40L | gene req. for T cell activation |
| IL-2R | gene req. for T cell activation |
| TAP/LMP | LOCATED ON CHROMOSOME 6 |
| Clonal-selection | germinal follicle |
| Germinal-follicle | affinity maturation |
| Memory | “peripheral |
| CD44 | LEUKOCYTE HOMING |
| CD25 | IL-2 RECEPTOR |
| CD3 | PART OF TCR COMPLEX |
| CD4 | MHC-II CORECEPTOR |
| CD8 | MHC-I CORECEPTOR |
| Chromosome-14 | Heavy chain genes |
| Ig-κ | Chromosome 2 |
| Ig-λ | Chromosome 22 |
| DC1 | myeliod IL-12+++ |
| DC2 | lymphoid Il-12+/- |
| early-IL-4 | DC1;IL-12;Th1 |
| persistent-IL-4 | DC2;Th1;Th2 |
| SIALOMUCINS | GlyCAM-1 CD34 |
| CCL19 | produced by HEV |
| MadCAM | PEYER’S L-selectin ligand |
| pre-b | recomb Hc VDJ; µ mRNA |
| Immature-B | IgM; recmb Hc: κ γ (VJ) |
| Immature-B | negative selection |
| Mature-b | alternative splicing |
| TH1 | macrophage activation |
| TH2 | eosinophils/mast cells |
| CTLS | cytotoxicity/macrophage activation |
| NK | cytotoxicity/macrophage activation |
| ADCMC | NK cells |
| NKcell | antibody depdt cell med. cytotoxicity |
| FcRS | allow overlap btwn humoral and innate |
| induction | expansion |
| TH1 | IL-18 |
| TH2 | dev |
| RANTES | MIP-α/β bind CCR5 |
| TH1 | IFN-γ; tbet |
| TH1 | stat 4→IFN-γ ↑ th1 |
| IFN-γ | activates macrophages |
| activate-neutrophils | lymphotoxin & tnf |
| T-cell-amplification | ↑ B7 xprsn costims on MCH (B7) |
| Pro-B | CD43;CD19;CD10 |
| stemcell | CD43 |
| Pre-B | B220;CD43 |
| DC1 | myeliod IL-12+++ |
| DC2 | lymphoid Il-12+/- |
| early-IL-4 | DC1;IL-12;Th1 |
| persistent-IL-4 | DC2;Tha;Th2 |
| pre-b | µ ; pre-b rcptr |
| pre-b | recomb Hc VDJ; µ mRNA |
| Immature-B | IgM; recmb Hc: κ γ (VJ) |
| Immature-B | negative selection |
| Mature-b | alternative splicing |
| TH1 | macrophage activation |
| TH2 | eosinophils/mast cells |
| CTLS | cytotoxicity/macrophage activation |
| NK | cytotoxicity/macrophage activation |
| ADCMC | NK cells |
| NKcell | antibody depdt cell med. cytotoxicity |
| FcRS | allow overlap btwn humoral and innate |
| CD40 | CD54 |
| TH1 | IL-18 |
| TH2 | dev |
| TH1 | IFN-γ; tbet |
| TH1 | stat 4→IFN-γ ↑ th1 |
| IFN-γ | activates macrophages |
| activate-neutrophils | lymphotoxin & tnf |
| T-cell-amplification | ↑ B7 xprsn costims on MCH (B7) |
| CRC3 | antigen-binding, diversity |
| junctional diversity | +/- nucltds @ V+D or D+J |
| Rag 1/Rag 2 | cleaves exons, forms hairpin |
| N nucleotides | non-template encoded |
| P nucleotides | ARTEMIS/complementary/VDJ |
| fetal liver derived stem cells | B-1 B-cells |
| BONE MARROW DERIVED HSC | FOLLICULAR B-CELLS |
| CLP | COMMON LYMPHIOD PROGENITOR |
| NEGATIVE SELECTION | STRONG SELF ANTIGEN BINDING |
| POSITIVE SELECTION | WEAK SELF ANTIGEN BINDING |
| TdT | mediates nucleotide addition at junctions |
| PCR | detect tumor cells in blod or tissue |
| ARTEMIS | CLEAVES GERMLINE ENDS, ASYMETRICALLY |
| TdT | NON-TEMPLATE ADDITION OF NCLTDS |
| EBF-E2A-Pax5 encode | Rag1 and 2 |
| EBF-EZA-Pax 5 | B-cell committment |
| Notch-1, GATA 3 | T-cell committment |
| Pro-B to Pre-B | IgM rearrangement |
| IgA deficiency | Giardia, TACI mutation |
| ICAM | LFA-1 |
| 1-3 HOURS | C-fos |
| 4-24HRS | CD40 LIGAND |
| 3 HRS-4 DAYS | IL-2 RECEPTOR |
| 6 HRS-2 DAYS | IL-2 |
| 6 HRS-4 DAYS | DNA SYNTHESIS |
| 4DAYS- 1-2WKS | VLA-4,-5,-6 |
| DC1 USES | IL-12 |
| DC2 USES | IFN-ALPHA, -BETA |
| PRE-DC1 | GM-CSF + IL-4 + CD40L |
| DC1 MAKES | IFN-GAMMA |
| DC2 MAKES | IFN-GAMMA, IL-10 |
| CD28 | B-7 |
| CD45 | IMMUNE SYNAPSE |
| c-KIT | PRE-PRO T-CELL |
| UNIVERSAL SURVIVAL SURFACE SIGNAL | c-KIT |
| UNIVERSAL T-CELL JUICE | INTERLEUKIN-2 |
| MEDUALLARY CORTICAL JUNCTION | NEGATIVE SELECTION |
| SMP/SMP1 | EXIT GERMINAL CENTER |
| DE-ADENINE DEAMINASE | TH1 TH2 MIGRATION? |
| INCREASE IN IL-7 | CHANGE IN M/E RATIO |
