| A | B |
|---|
| guerilla | type of warfare where soldiers use surprise attacks |
| nationalism | desire of people with the same history, language, and customs for self rule |
| Giuseppe Garbaldi | leader of guerilla warfare to unite southern Italy |
| Otto von Bismarck | promise to rule Germany by "blood & iron" instead of speeches & votes |
| Wilhelm I (William I) | named Kaiser of Germany in 1871 |
| Czar Alexander II | freed Russia's serfs |
| Congress of Vienna | meeting in 1815 to return Europe to the way it was before French Rev. |
| potato | crop destroyed by a fungus which caused a famine in Ireland |
| serfs | people who had to stay on the land where they were born & farm it for landowners |
| Victor Emmanuel | ruler of Italy as a constitutional monarchy |
| the pope | this person ruled Rome in the 1860s & 1870s |
| Queen Victoria | ruler of Great Britain from 1837 to 1901 |
| Benjamin Disraeli | Britain's Prime Minister who helped purchase the Suez Canal |
| Germany | country made up of Saxony, Hanover, Bavaria, Wurttemberg & Prussia |
| Italy | made up of Papal States, Two Sicilies, Sardinia & Piedmont |
| Red Shirts | revolutionary group who wanted to unite all Italian speaking people |
| Russia & Great Britain | countries that avoided violence in Rev. of 1848 |
| famine | dying of hunger |
| Louis XVIII | King of France after 1815 |
| middle class | this group had to give up something for working class conditions to improve |
