| A | B |
|---|
| rectum | A short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid form before being eliminated. |
| proteins | Nutrients that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; they are needed for tissue growth and repair and play a part in chemical reactions within cells. |
| fats | High-energy nutrients that are composed of carbon, oxygen and contain more than twice as much energy as an equal amount of carbohydrates. |
| glucose | A sugar that is the major source of energy for the body's cells. |
| absorption | The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the digestive system into the blood. |
| enzyme | A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. |
| unsaturated fats | Fats, such as olive oil and canola oil, that are usually liquid at room temperature. |
| gallbladder | The organ that stores bile after it s produced by the liver. |
| vitamins | Molecules that act as helpers in a variety of chemical reactions within the body. |
| villi | Tiny finger-shaped structures that cover the inner surface of the small intestine and provide a large surface area through which digested food is absorbed. |
| stomach | A J-shaped, muscular pouch located in the abdomen that expands to hold all of the food that is swallowed. |
| digestion | The process by which the body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules. |
| carbohydrates | Nutrients composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen that are a major source of energy and provide the raw materials to make parts of cells. |
| peristalsis | Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system. |
| Food Guide Pyramid | A chart that classifies foods into six groups to help people plan a healthy diet. |
| Percent Daily Value | An indication of how the nutritional content of a food fits into the diet of a person who consumes a total of 2,000 Calories a day. |
| bile | A substances produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles. |
| fiber | A complex carbohydrate, found in plant foods, that cannot be broken down into sugar molecules by the body. |
| pancreas | A triangular organ that produces enzymes that flow into the small intestine. |
| nutrients | Substances in food that provides the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all the essential life processes. |
| esophagus | A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. |
| mucus | A thick, slippery substances produced by the body. |
| epiglottis | A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering. |
| small intestine | The part of the digestive system in which most chemical digestion takes place. |
| minerals | Nutrients that are needed by the body in small amounts and are not made by living things. |
| liver | The largest and heaviest organ inside the body; it breaks down substances and eliminated nitrogen from the body. |
| anus | A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which digestive waste material is eliminated from the body. |
| saturated fats | Fats, such as butter, that are usually solid at room tempurature. |
| calorie | The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one Celsius degree. |
| large intestine | The last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body. |
| saliva | The fluid released when the mouth waters that plays an important role in both mechanical and chemical digestion. |
| amino acids | Small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules. |
