| A | B |
|---|
| Beringia | land bridge that connected Asia and North America during the last Ice Age that allowed the First Americans to cross in America |
| Crusades | wars between European Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land |
| Renaissance | the rebirth of knowledge and curiosity in Europe that led to the Age of Discovery |
| ethnocentrism | the belief that your race or culture is superior to others |
| Columbian exchange | the exchange of people, plants, animals, diseases, and ideas between Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas |
| Treaty of Tordesillias | the Pope divided the world between Portugal and Spain for exploration, trade, and settlement, allowing the Spanish to settle the New World |
| Spanish Armada | large naval force that was defeated by the British which weakened Spain and allowed the British to begin colonizing the New World |
| joint stock company | business organization where investors share in the costs, risks and profits |
| Middle Passage | the voyage from Africa to the Americas that often led to the deaths of many slaves |
| French and Indian War | caused by the competition between Britain and France over the Ohio Valley and which resulted in the French being removed from North America |
| Jamestown | the first permanent British colony in the New World |
| staple crop | crop like tobacco that is grown year after year and which is very important to the economy of an area |
| House of Burgesses | first representative assemby in America created in Virginia in 1619 |
| Separatists | religious group that felt that the Church of England was corrupt and chose to leave the church. They settled in Plymouth Bay. |
| Mayflower Compact | agreement signed by the Pilgrim Separatists before landing at Plymouth in which they agreed to form a government and to obey the laws created |
| Puritans | religious group that wanted to reform the Church of England from within. They later settled Massachusetts Bay. |
| theocracy | a government based upon religion such as the Bible commonwealth in Massachusetts Bay |
| indentured servants | people who agreed to work for up to seven years for the person who paid their way to America |
| Treaty of Paris, 1763 | ended the French and Indian War, removed France from North America, gave Florida to Britain and the Louisiana Territory to Spain |
| history | a record of mankind that describes major events and attempts to explain why they happened and what resulted from them |
