| A | B |
| altitudinal zonation | the division of land into zones based on elevation, which helps determine climate and vegetation |
| snow line | the lowest elevation on mountains where snow remains year-round |
| terracing | the creation of flat areas on mountain slopes for the purpose of farming |
| tree line | the highest elevation where trees grow on a mountain |
| vertical trade | the trading of crops between lowland and highland areas |
| mestizo | mixture of indigenous and European peoples |
| navigable lake | a lake that is large and deep enough for big ships |
| tierra caliente | the lowest elevation in the Andes |
| tierra templada | the 2nd elevation zone in the Andes. pleasant, springlike climate year round |
| tierra fria | reaches elevations of 12,000 feet (VERY high!) Many natives live in this zone |
| tierra helada | frost country |