| A | B |
|---|
| mitosis | cell division that produces two identical cells from one parent cell |
| meiosis | cell division that results in 4 sex cells from one parent cell |
| gamete | sperm or egg |
| diploid | full set of chromosomes--one set from mom, one from dad |
| haploid | half the chromosome number found in gametes |
| 46 | number of chromosomes found in each of your body cells |
| 23 | number of chromosomes found in your gametes |
| sex chromosomes | XX (female) or XY (male) |
| karyotype | a picture of all of the chromosomes in one cell of an organism |
| sister chromatid | one half of a duplicated chromosome |
| replication | copying of DNA (chromosomes) |
| prophase | first phase of mitosis where chromosomes become visible |
| metaphase | phase where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell |
| anaphase | phase where chromosomes or chromatids are pulled to each side of the cell |
| telophase | last phase of cell division where two new cells begin to form |
| crossing over | occurs at the beginning of meiosis where mom and dad's chromosomes exchange pieces |
| testes | where male gametes form |
| ovaries | where female gametes form |
| 4 genetically different cells | made during meiosis |
| 2 identical cells | made during mitosis |
| asexual reproduction | when only one parent produces identical offspring--bacteria do it! |
| sexual reproduction | when two parents produce many genetically different offspring |
| Down's Syndrome | when an individual has 1 extra chromosome for a total of 47 in each body cell |
| mutation | a change in DNA or chromosomes |
