| A | B |
|---|
| Luteinizing hormone | stimulates ovulation and formation of corpus luteum, which produces progesterone in females |
| Vasopressin | converts to ADH (antidiuretic hormone) in the bloodstream, acts on kidney to concentrate urine and preserve H2O in the body |
| Oxytocin | released during childbirth causing contractions of the uterus |
| Thyroxine | controlled by secretion of TSH |
| Calcitonin | hormone that controls calcium ion concentration in the body, prevents hypercalcemia |
| Parathyroid glands | produce parathormone which helps control blood calcium, prevents hypocalcemia |
| Thymus | Endocrine gland and lymphatic organ located behind sternum, above and in front of heart begins to disappear at puberty |
| Adrenal glands | Adrenal cortex secretes corticoids (anti-inflammatory hormones) and sex hormones, androgens – male sex hormones, adrenalin |
| Estrogen | development of female reproductive organs, secondary sex characteristics |
| Progesterone | plays a part in the menstrual cycle |
| Testosterone | male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics |
| Insulin | promotes utilization of glucose by the cells |
| Prostaglandins | produce tissue hormones |
| Gigantism | hyperfunction of pituitary – too much growth hormone in preadolescence – overgrowth of long bones leads to excessive tallness |
| Dwarfism | Hypofunction of pituitary in childhood small size, but body proportions and intellect normal |
| Hyperthyroidism | overactive thyroid gland, too much thyroxine leads to enlargement of gland |
| Goiter | enlargement of gland |
| Exophthalmos | bulging of eyeballs |
| Hypothyroidism | not enough thyroxine may be due to lack of iodine (simple goiter) |
| Tetany | hypoparathyroidism, decreased calcium levels affect functions of nerves |
| Diabetes Mellitus | caused by decreased secretion of insulin |
| Polyuria | excessive urination |
| Polyphagia | excessive eating |
| Polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| Hyperglycemia | excess glucose in blood |
| Glycosuria | glucose secreted in the urine |
| Hypoglycemia | too much insulin results in low blood sugar |
