| A | B |
|---|
| organic molecules | Molecules that contain carbon. |
| macromolecule | A large molecule made by joining smaller molecules. |
| carbohydrate. | A macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is always 2:1. This macromolecule's main function is to provide energy. |
| monosaccharide | A single sugar unit. Some sxamples of these simple sugars are glucose and fructose. |
| disaccharide | A carbohydrate consisting of two monosaccharide units joined together. A common example is sucrose. |
| polysaccharide | Composed of many monosaccharides joined together. Starch and cellulose are examples. |
| protein | A chain of amino acids. This macromolecule is used primarily for building, repairing,and maintaining cells. This macromolecule consists of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. |
| peptide bond | The bond formed between amino acids. |
| polypeptide | Another name for a protein. This refers to the bonds between the amino acids. |
| lipid | A macromolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Its function is primarily energy storage. It is also important in providing insulation for our bodies, protecting internal organs, and aiding in absorption of certain vitamins. |
| fat | A lipid from animal sources that is solid at room temperature. |
| oil | A lipid from plant sources that is liquid at room temperature. |
| saturated fats | Consists of single bonds between carbon and hydrogen. These fats are harder to break down and should not make up the majority of your fat intake. |
| unsaturated fats | Have double bonds between some of the carbon and hydrogen atoms. |
| HDL cholesterol | "Good" cholesterol that carries the cholesterol that can clog arteries away to the liver so it can be broken down. |
| LDL cholesterol | The"bad" cholesterol. It can form deposits on the walls of arteries which causes artherosclerosis and can lead to high blood pressure, heart attack, or stroke. |
| nucleic acid | Macromolecules that carry genetic information. They consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. |
| nucleotide | The structural unit of nucleic acids. Each one is made up of a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base. |
| DNA | A nucleic acid found only in the nucleus of your cells. It is the only molecule known that can replicate itself. It provides all the information to make the proteins our body needs to repair and construct cells. |
| RNA | A nucleic acid that can travel in the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus of our cells. There are three types - all are involved in protein synthesis. |
