| A | B |
|---|
| Renal pelvis | funnel-shaped structure at the beginning of the ureter |
| Medulla | Inner striated layer of the kidney |
| Cortex | composed of millions of microscopic nephrons |
| Nephron | functional unit of kidney |
| Ureters | Smooth muscle tube with mucous membrane lining |
| Urinary bladder | Hollow muscular organ made of elastic fibers and involuntary muscle |
| Urethra | Connects bladder with urinary meatus |
| Urinary meatus | opening to body where urine is excreted |
| Excretion | removing nitrogenous wastes, certain salts and excess water from blood. |
| Filtration | First step in urine formation |
| Reabsorption | Water (90%) and useful substances are reabsorbed |
| Secretion | Opposite of reabsorption, transports substances from blood into collecting tubules |
| Average urinary output | 1500 ml/day |
| Urinalysis | examination of urine to determine presence of blood cells, bacteria, acidity level, specific gravity and physical characteristics |
| Ureters | Carry urine from kidney to bladder |
| Urinary bladder | Stores urine usually about 500 cc |
| Renal calculi | kidney stones, made of calcium and uric acid crystals |
| Lithotripsy | Surgical procedure to remove kidney stones |
| Nephritis | infection or inflammation of the kidney |
| Cystitis | Bladder infection, usually caused by E. Coli bacteria |
| Incontinence | involuntary urination |
| Dialysis (hemodialysis) | Treatment for kidney failure |
| Kidney transplant | As a last resort to treat kidney failure |
| Enuresis | bedwetting |
| Glycosuria | sugar in urine |
| Nocturia | frequent urination at night |
| Polyuria | large amounts of urine |
| Pyuria | pus in urine |
| Anuria | no urine |
| Dysuria | painful urination |
| Hematuria | blood in urine |
| Diuretic | a drug or substance that increases the amount of urine secreted |
