| A | B |
|---|
| cell membrane | the outer covering of a cell |
| cytoplasm | a gelatin-like material inside a cell |
| organelles | any structure inside a cell |
| nucleus | directs all cell activities and is separated from cytoplasm by a membrane |
| mitochondria | what breaks down food for energy in the cell |
| endoplasmic reticulum | what processes and moves material in a cell |
| golgi bodies | packages and ships out protein |
| ribosome | what cells make their protein with |
| prokaryotic cell | has no membrane |
| eukaryotic cell | has a membrane |
| tissue | a group of cells put together for a specific function |
| organ | a group of tissues put together for a specific function |
| selectively permeable | the cell membrane selects what can come in |
| growth | a increase in size |
| development | a change an organism undergoes |
| Robert Hooke | discovered dead cells using a cork under a microscope |
| Leewen Hoek | saw living cells in pond water under a microscope |
| Schleiden and Schwann | discovered that all living things have cells |
| diffusion | the movement of molecules to the place where there is more to where there is less |
| osmosis | a transport that occurs when water diffuses through a cell membrane |
| equilibrium | occurs when molecules from one substance is spread equally in another substance |
| solution | a mixture of two or more substances that are evenly distributed at the molecular level |
| solvent | the part of the solution that dissolves the other part |
| solute | the part of the solution that gets dissolved |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | a structure that contains information needed for growth and development |
| mitosis | human body cells reproducing with 46 chromosomes each |
| meiosis | produces sex cells and reduces the number of chromosomes to 23 each, because when the cell combines, it gets both parents' cells chromosomes |
| chromosomes | a piece of DNA that contains genes |
| diploid | when there are a pair of chromosomes in a cell |
| haploid | when chromosomes in a cell are not in a pair |
| heredity | inheriting a trait from the parent or parent cell |
| genetics | the study of heredity and inheriting traits |
| Gregor Mendel | discovered heredity using pea plants |
| Punnet Square | a tood used to predict results in Mendelian genetics |
| dominant | the trait you have that shows up in the phenotype |
| recessive | the trait you have that doesn't show up in the phenotype |
| sex-linked gene | an allele inherited on the X chromosome |
| heterozygous | both genes are different, with one dominant and one recessive |
| homozygous | both genes are the same, with either both dominant or both recessive |
| genotype | the two genes from each parent that you carry |
| phenotype | the outward appearance that comes from the dominant gene |
| pedigree | a tool used to follow a dysfunction through a family |
| joint | the place where the bones connect that can move |
| cartilage | the tissue in between bones that absorbs sock and helps move the bones |
| ligament | a thick band of tissue that holds bones together |
| tendon | a band of tissue that connects a muscle to a bone |
| heart rate | the number of times your heart beats in a minute |
| marrow cavity | the part of the bone that helps make blood cells |
| periosteum | the thin, tight-fitting membrane around the bone |
| compact bone | the part of the bone that keeps it strong and protects it from breaking; stores calcium and phosphorus |
| spongy bone | the part of the bone that makes it lightweight |
| glucose | what gives our bones energy |
| muscle | an organ that can relax, contract, and provide the force to move body parts |
| dermis | the middle layer of the skin that contains blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, sweat glands, and oil glands |
| epidermis | the first layer of the skin |
| nutrient | substances in foods that give us energy and materials needed for cell growth and development |
| proteins | contains energy and is used for cell growth and repair; found in poultry and meat |
| carbohydrates | contains energy and is found in starch and fiber |
| fats | help the body absorb vitamins; is found in all food |
| vitamins | absorbed in fat and blood; is in fruits and vegetables |
| minerals | prevents disease and sickness; is in fruits and vegetables |
| water | one essential thing for the body; is in all food |
