| A | B |
|---|
| virus | a tiny, non-living particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell |
| host | the organism that a parasite or virus lives in or on |
| parasite | the organism that benefits by living on or in a host in a parasitism interaction |
| bacteriaphage | a virus that infects bacteria |
| bacteria | single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus (prokaryotes) |
| flagellum | a long, whip-like structure that helps a cell to move |
| binary fission | a form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells. |
| asexual reproduction | a reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent |
| sexual reproduction | a reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents |
| conjugation | the process in which a unicellular organism transfers some of its genetic material to another unicellular organism |
| endospore | a small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell |
| pasteurization | a process of heating food to a temperature that is high enough to kill most harmful bacteria without changing the taste of the food |
| decomposer | an organism that breaks down chemicals from wastes and dead organisms and returns important materials to the soil and water |
| protist | a eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal, plant, or fungus |
| protozoan | an animal-like protist |
| pseudopods | a “false foot” or temporary bulge of cytoplasm used for feeding and movement in some protozoans |
| contractile vacuole | the cell structure that collects extra water from the cytoplasm and then expels it from the cell |
| cilia | the hair-like projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike manner |
| symbiosis | a close relationship between two organisms of different species that benefits at least one of the organisms. |
| mutualism | a close relationship between organisms of two species in which both organisms benefit |
| algae | plantlike protists |
| spore | a tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism |
| fungi | eukaryotes that have cell walls, are heterotrophs that feed by absorbing their food, and use spores to reproduce |
| hyphae | branching threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi |
| spore | a tiny body that is able to grow into a new organism |
| fruiting body | the reproductive structure of a fungus that contains many hyphae and produces spores |
| budding | a form of asexual (not needing male and female) reproduction of yeast in which a new cell grows out of the body of a parent. |
| lichen | a fungus and either algae or autotrophic bacteria that live together in a mutualistic relationship |
