| A | B |
|---|
| language | The organization of written or spoken symbols into a standardized system. |
| values | Shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable. |
| culture | All the shared products of human groups, including both physical objects and the beliefs, values, and behaviors shared by a group. |
| society | A group of interdependent people who have organized in such a way as to share a common culture and feeling of unity. |
| norms | The shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations. |
| folkways | Norms that describe socially acceptable behavior but do not have great moral significance attached to them. |
| mores | Norms that have great moral significance attached to them. |
| material culture | Physical objects created by human groups (artifacts). |
| nonmaterial culture | Abstract human creations, such as language, ideas, beliefs, rules, skills, family patterns, work practices, and political and economic systems. |
| technology | Knowledge and tools people use for practical purposes. |
| laws | Written rules of conducts that are enacted and enforced by the government. |
| culture trait | Individual tool, act, or belief that is related to a particular situation or need. |
| culture complex | Clusters of interrelated culture traits. |
| culture pattern | Combination of a number of culture complexes into an interrelated whole. |
| Yanomamo | Farmers that live in small villages along the border between Brazil and Venezuela that are also known as the "Fierce People". |
| San | Hunters and gathers in South America that have cooperation as their basic way of life. |
| Napoleon Chagnon | Anthropologist that studied thae Yanomamo and the San in South America. |
| cultural universals | Common features that are found in all human cultures. |
| ethnocentrism | Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups. |
| cultural relativism | Belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards. |
| subculture | Group with its own unique values, norms, and behaviors that exists within a larger culture. |
| counterculture | Group that rejects the values, norms, and practices of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural patterns. |
| George Murdock | Anthropologist that examined hundreds of different cultures |
| Margaret Mead | Anthropologist that conducted a study of the Arapesh and Mundugumor societies. |
| Arapesh | Contented, gentle, nonaggressive, receptive, trusting, and warm people studied by Margaret Mead in the 1930s. |
| Mundugumor | Aggressive, competitive, jealous, and violent people studied by Margaret Mead in the 1930s. |
| Marvin Harris | Anthropologist that wrote, "Cannibals and Kings", and explored the religious prohibition in India against killing cows. |
| Edwin Sutherland | Criminologist who developed the idea of subcultures in the 1920s. |
