| A | B |
|---|
| informal sanction | A spontaneuous expression of approval or disapproval given by an individual or a group. |
| social movement | A long-term conscious effort to promote or prevent social change. |
| cultural lag | Situation in which some aspects of the culture change less rapidly, or lag behind, other aspects of the same culture. |
| ideology | A system of beliefs or ideas that justifies the social, moral, religious, political, or economic interests held by a group or by society. |
| internalization | The process by which a norm becomes a part of an individual’s personality, thus conditioning that individual to conform to society’s expectations. |
| Robin M. Williams | A sociologist who identified a set of 15 values that are central to the American way of life. |
| technology | The knowledge and tools that people use to manipulate their environment. |
| positive sanction | An action that rewards a particular kind of behavior. |
| diffusion | The process of spreading culture traits from one society to another. |
| reformulation | The process of adapting borrowed cultural traits. |
| negative sanction | A punishment or the threat of punishment used to enforce conformity. |
| narcissism | Extreme self-centeredness. |
| vested interests | A resistance to any change that threatens a person’s security or standard of living. |
| James M. Henslin | Sociologist that suggested that values such as education might be considered core values. |
| ethnocentrism | The tendency to view one’s own culture or group as superior to others. |
| self-fulfillment | commitment to the full development of one's personality, talents, and potential. |
| sanctions | Rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms. |
| formal sanction | Reward or punishment that is given by some formal organization or regulatory body, such as government, the police, a corporation, or a school. |
| social control | Enforcing of norms through either internalization or sanctions. |
