| A | B |
|---|
| Progress | moving forward |
| Progressive Era | period of time during the early 1900s when reformers fought for political and social reform |
| Progressives | reformers who wanted to solve society's problems. |
| muckrakers | journalists who exposed (showed) corruption and other problems to the public. |
| spoils system | the practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs |
| civil service | a system used to aquire most government jobs. This system fills jobs based on the highest scores of civil service exams. |
| Robert La Follette | a leading Progressive from Wisconsin who established a statewide system of political reforms. |
| Wisconsin Idea | LaFollette's system of Progressive reforms. |
| primary | elections where voters chose their parties candidates. |
| initiative | gave voters the right to put a bill before a state legislature. |
| referendum | gave voters the right to vote for the bill to make it into a law. |
| recall | allowed voters to remove an elected official in the middle of his or her term (to get rid of corrupt officials). |
| graduated income tax | a method of taxation that taxes people at different rates depending on income. The wealthy pay a higher rate of taxes than the poor or middle class. |
| Sixteenth Amendment | a Consitituational Amendment giving Congress the power to pass an income tax. |
| Seventeenth Amendment | a Constitutional Amendment that required the direct election of senators. |
| Eighteenth Amendment | made it illegal to sell alcohol in the United States. |
| Nineteenth Amendment | gave women the right to vote |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| political bosses | powerful politicians who ruled the cities and used their positions for their own financial gain. |
| Thomas Nast | a political cartoonist whose cartoons helped expose the corruption of a New York City political boss. |
| William Tweed | a political boss who cheated New York City out of $100 million |
| Good Government Leagues | Organizations that worked to reduce corruption in cities by taking away the power of the political bosses. |
| sweatshop | a manufacturing workshop where workers toil long hours under poor conditions for low pay |
| Ida Tarbell | a journalist who wrote articles targeting the unfair practices of big business. She demanded more controls on trusts. |
| Jacob Riis | a photographer who took pictures of children working in factories and starving in garbage ridden slums. |
| Upton Sinclair | a writer who wrote a book called The Jungle which revealed the unsanitary conditions of the meatpacking industry. |
| Square Deal | Theodore Roosevelt's campaign slogan that promised that everyone from farmers to consumers to workers should have the same opportunity to succeed. |
| conservation | the protection of natural resources. |
| Carrie Chapman Catt | she was a leader of the women's suffrage movement who devised a strategy to win suffrage state by state as President of the National American Women's Suffrage Association |
| Alice Paul | a leader of the women's suffrage movement. She was more radical and led demonstrations in front of the White House. |
| Women's Christian Temperance Union | an organization that called for state lawas to ban the slae of liquor and worked to close saloons. |
| Carry Nation | a women who fought to ban alcohol. She gained publicity by going into saloons and smashing beer kegs and liquor bottles with a hatchet. |
| Meat Inspection Act | a law that required meatpacking plants to allow inspectors into their facilities |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | a law that required manufacturers to list their ingredients on their packages and tried to end false advertising. |
| Booker T. Washington | a black leader who founded the Tuskegee Institute. He believed blacks needed to work to gain wealth before they could fight for equal rights. |
| W.E.B. DuBois | a black leader who helped to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. He believed blacks needed to actively fight for equal rights. |
