| A | B |
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| population geography | The study of the relationship between populations and their environment |
| population density | the average number of people in an area (32 per sq. mile) |
| population distribution | where people live in a country (how the people are distributed) |
| birth rate | the number of people born per year in an area |
| death rate | the number of people who die per year in an area |
| age distribution | the number of people in an age group within a population |
| male/female distribution | the number of men and women in a population |
| population pyramid | a graph that shows the percentages of males and females by age in a population |
| life expectancy | the average age that people are expected to live to within a population |
| infant mortality rate | the average number of babies under 1 year old who die each year within an area |
| GDP (Gross Domestic Product) | the total value of the goods and services produced within a country |
| ethnicity | a shared common culture or ancestry |
| language | a means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols (talking and writing) |
| religion | a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe |
| literacy or literate | being able to read |
| literacy rate | the percentage or number of people within a population who can read |
| migration | when people move from one area to live in another |
| emigrants | people who leave a country |
| immigrants | people who come to another country to live |
| push factor | what causes people to leave an area |
| pull factor | what attracts people to a new area to live |
| environmental push factors | hurricanes, floods, drought, etc. |
| environmental pull factors | warm weather |
| conflict push factors | people leave because they don't feel safe (war) |
| conflict pull factors | people want political or personal freedoms |
| economic push factors | lack of work/jobs |
| economic pull factors | good, higher paying jobs |
| refugees | people who are forced to leave and cannot return to their homes |
| some additional pull factors | freedom of religion, more land, ethnic or family ties |
| some additional push factors | overpopulation, religious persecution, agricultural decline, limits on freedoms, environmental factors |
